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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-455</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=455</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Acanthuriformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Drepaneidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Drepane</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Drepane africana Osório, 1892</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fa'>Aroosmahi-e-manghoot</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pl'>Drepana</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Enxada manchada</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Enxada-do-Indo-Pacífico</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Matswele</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Peixe galo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Pfufu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Xipheme</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Imad</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Misht</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ariring</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bayang</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Riring</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='my'>Nga palae</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='my'>Nga-pa-lae</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='my'>Sin-nar-yaet</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='my'>Sin-yar-ywat</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Plettet seglfisk</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Butterfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Butter-fish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Concertinafish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Drepane</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Jetto</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Moon-fish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Peppercorn</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Sicklefish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Sickle-fish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Silver moonfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Spotted batfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Spotted bat-fish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Spotted drepane</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Spotted moonfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Spotted sicklefish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Spotted spadefish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Täpiline hõbesõõrkala</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Cisque</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Forgeron tacheté</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='gu'>Chand</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='gu'>ચાઁદ </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='jv'>Tapak</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='jv'>Taweh</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='jv'>Tebel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Yûdachi-sudaredai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mr'>Chand</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mr'>चाँद</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Agung-agung</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Baharu-baharu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Bebaru</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Berbaharu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Buna</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Daun baharu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Daun baru</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Daun-baru bintik</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Ketang-ketang</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Paling</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Pau cheow</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Sapehi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Sapih-sapih</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Sapi-sapi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Sepihi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Tapi-tapi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Telinga gajah</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mg'>Boboka</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mg'>Sabramo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='so'>Kibili</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sw'>Kipepeo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sw'>Shana</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sw'>Tunguru</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>Painthi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>Therattai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>தீரட்டை </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>திரட்‍டை</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>பய்ந்தி</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>பைந்தீ </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>Thetti</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>Thotha</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>తెట్టి</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Kilyong</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Mayang</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Pasyon</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='th'>Baipho</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='th'>ใบโพธิ์</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='vi'>Cá Hiên chấm</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='vi'>Cá Hiên vằn</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Catemo manchado</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ambovindry</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ang saang</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ape ape</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Babo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bakuku</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Buunarr</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Calcubao</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Handeya</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kikilo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Mayang</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Pasinthiya</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Pikasta drepana</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Tabas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Takobatra</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Takoropa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>斑点鸡笼鲳</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>斑點雞籠鯧</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>铜盘仔</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kai Lung Chong</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>雞籠鯧</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Chaetodon falcatus (non Lacépède, 1802)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Chaetodon punctatus Linnaeus, 1758</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Cryptosmilia luna (non Cope, 1867)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Drepana longimana (non Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Drepane longimana (non Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Drepane punctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Drepanichthys punctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Ephippus falcatus (non Lacépède, 1802)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Harpochirus longimanus (non Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Harpochirus punctatus (Linneaus, 1758)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-22</dcterms:modified>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=454'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101194&amp;speccode=454'>Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350.  In  Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105472&amp;speccode=454'>Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=107945&amp;speccode=454'>Cheung, W.L., R. Watson and D. Pauly0 Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch. Nature 497:365-368. (Ref. 107945)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=454'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115291&amp;speccode=454'>Adday, T.K.0 Parasitic crustaceans of some marine fishes of Basrah Province, Iraq. Doctor of Philosophy, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, 316p. (Ref. 115291)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115344&amp;speccode=454'>Coad, B.W.0 Fishes of the Tigris-Euphrates Basin:  a critical checklist. Syllogeus (68):1-56. (Ref. 115344)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118272&amp;speccode=454'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118628&amp;speccode=454'>Palomares, M.L.D., R. Froese, B. Derrick, S.-L. Nöel, G. Tsui, J. Woroniak and D. Pauly0 A preliminary global assessment of the status of exploited marine fish and invertebrate populations. A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 64. (Ref. 118628)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=119494&amp;speccode=454'>Wilson, K.D.P.0 Artificial reefs and reef fish in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Friends of the Country Parks &amp; Cosmos Books Ltd., 176p. (Ref. 119494)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=119715&amp;speccode=454'>Perkins, M.J., Y.K.Y. Mak, C.S.W. Law, L.S.R. Tao, J.K.C. Yau and K.M.Y. Leung0 Length-weight relationships of 79 marine fish species from the coastal waters of Hong Kong. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 2019:1-10. (Ref. 119715)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125515&amp;speccode=454'>Nip, T.H.M. and C.K. Wong0 Juvenile fish assemblages in mangrove and non-mangrove soft-shore habitats in eastern Hong Kong. Zool. Stud. 49(6):760-778. (Ref. 125515)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125552&amp;speccode=454'>Situ, Y.Y. and Y.J. Sadovy0 A preliminary study on local species diversity and seasonal composition in a Hong Kong wet market. Asian Fish. Sci. 17:235-248. (Ref. 125552)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126706&amp;speccode=454'>Paighambari, S.Y., M. Pouladi, M. Daliri and B.M. Tilami0 Length-weight relationships of four marine fish species in Motaf fishing grounds, southern waters of Bushehr (the north of the Persian Gulf, Iran). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 34(4):1017-1018. (Ref. 126706)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2350-4757' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128520&amp;speccode=454'>Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130287&amp;speccode=454'>Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=454'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137658&amp;speccode=454'>Zhao, R., V.T.T. Lam, Y. Chen, J.Y.F. Sit, J. Li, K.M.Y. Leung and M. Yan0 A pilot study of fish biodiversity with a highlight of chondrichthyans in Hong Kong waters using environmental DNA metabarcoding. Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci. 86(104194):1-9. (Ref. 137658)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Occurs in various inshore habitats:  sand or mud bottoms, reefs, estuaries and harbors (Ref. 9800).  Found near coral and rock reefs at temperatures ranging from 26° to 29°C.  Feeds on invertebrates and benthic fishes (Ref. 5213).  Generally marketed fresh (Ref. 5284).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7338&amp;speccode=454'>Maugé, L.A. 1984 Drepanidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7338)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Color generally silvery with greenish tinge above.  Pectoral fins long and pointed.  Similar to D. longimana but differs in having 4 - 11 vertical gray spots on the upper half of the sides, and generally 8 dorsal spines (against none (spots) and generally 9 spines in D. longimana).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&amp;speccode=454'>Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 8 - 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 20 - 22;  Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 17 - 19</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&amp;speccode=454'>Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Indo-West Pacific:  temperate and tropical waters from India to northern Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan and Japan.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9800&amp;speccode=454'>Heemstra, P.C. 1997 Drepanidae. Sicklefishes. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. (Ref. 9800)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4931&amp;speccode=454'>FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-913235-53-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4537&amp;speccode=454'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=454'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Occurs in various inshore habitats (Ref. 9800). Feeds on benthic invertebrates and fish (Ref. 11889). Also Ref. 43081.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9800&amp;speccode=454'>Heemstra, P.C. 1997 Drepanidae. Sicklefishes. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. (Ref. 9800)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>50.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-00-219974-2 (pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9710&amp;speccode=454'>Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific &amp; Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-454</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-06-29 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=454</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>reef-associated; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 10 - 49 m (Ref. 86942)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=454'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86942&amp;speccode=454'>Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez 2011 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942)</reference></dataObject>
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