FB-4661 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4661 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cypriniformes Leuciscidae Phoxinus Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Ørekyt Orekyte Strzebla potokowa Cigani italian Skort pellgjesh Leshanka Cerebla Střebla Střelice Střelička Střevle obecná Strevle potocní Střevle potoční Střevlec Střevlička Pilcodyn Almindelig elritse Elrits Elritse Europæisk elritse Balte Bambel Bambeli Bammeli Bampel Bitterziimpelchen Blitterfischl Blutelritze Brunnenpfrill Budd Burli Buthe Butt Ellering Ellritzeritze Elritze Eltrschl Erleress Erling Gefrille Gievchen Grimpel Grümperl Haberfischl Hunderttausendfischl Maipiere Mallfot Mazelung Miling Mollinger Moosbutzli Mudd Mutterlose Pfelle Pfrille Pfrull Piek Piere Riedlingehen Rümpchen Spierling Sunnfischl Weiling Zaukerl Zorscheli Common minnow Eurasian minnow European minnow Italian minnow Minnow Zaisan minnow Harilik lepamaim Itaalia lepamaim lepamaim Mutu Amarante Arlequin Charbonnier Cippa Cuzeau Garlesco Gendarme Grisette Petit blanc Sprille Vairon Veirou Verdou Véricle Voiron Fürge cselle Sanguinerola 연준모치 mailīte rainė Zlatica Goljan Gol'yan Golyan obyknovennyi Gol'yan-krasavka Zaisanskii gol'yan гольян речной обыкновенный гольян речной гольян Gagica Cerebla obycajná Äling Elritsa Kvidd Ot balığı Гольян звичайний Гольян річковий Мересниця річкова Pescardo Piscardo Boet Boisca Boiste Boistean Boiştean Craesc Craet Crai Elrits Kokkinogastros Libin Pisanec Scrofita Verdete Verzisoara Κοκκινόγαστρος 真鱥 科尔芝克鱥 科爾芝克鱥 西氏鱥 阿尔塔鱥 阿爾塔鱥 Cyprinus aphya Linnaeus, 1758 Cyprinus chrysoprasius Pallas, 1814 Cyprinus galian Gmelin, 1789 Cyprinus isetensis Georgi, 1775 Cyprinus lumaireul Schinz, 1840 Cyprinus morella Leske, 1774 Cyprinus phoxinus Linnaeus, 1758 Cyprinus rivularis (Pallas, 1773) Leuciscus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Phoxinus csikii Hankó, 1922 Phoxinus czekanowskii sedelnikowi (non Berg, 1908) Phoxinus laevis Fitzinger, 1832 Phoxinus laevis balchaschana Kessler, 1879 Phoxinus laevis mikrosquamatus (non Kashchenko, 1899) Phoxinus laevis ujmonensis (non Kashchenko, 1899) Phoxinus lumaireul (Schinz, 1840) Phoxinus marsilii Heckel, 1836 Phoxinus phoxinus carpathicus Popescu Gorj & Dumitriu, 1950 Phoxinus phoxinus colchicus (non Berg, 1910) Phoxinus phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Phoxinus phoxinus strandjae (non Drensky, 1926) Phoxinus rivularis (Pallas, 1773) Phoxinus saposchnikowi (non Kashchenko, 1899) Phoxinus varius Perty, 1832 Phoxynus montanus Ogérien, 1863 Salmo rivularis Pallas, 1773 1991-10-15 2010-11-24 Muus, B.J. and P. 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Østergaard 2000-07-03 2000-07-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4661 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Phpho_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Phpho_u5.jpg FB-pic-4661-44495 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Information Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2006-04-10 2006-04-10 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4661 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Phpho_u7.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Phpho_u7.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-4661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-10-15 00:00:00 2010-11-24 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4661 Gregarious (Ref. 2196). Found in a wide range of cold and well oxygenated habitats from small, fast-flowing streams to large Nordic lowland rivers and from small upland lakes to large oligotrophic lakes. Usually occurs in association with salmonid fishes (Ref. 59043). Feeds on algae, plant debris (in rivers), mollusks, crustaceans and insects (Ref. 30578). Spawns over clean gravel areas in flowing water or on wave-washed shores of lakes. Overwinters in coarse substrate or in deep pools with low current (Ref. 59043). Migrates upstream for spawning in shallow gravel areas. Important laboratory fish, for research on sensory organs of fishes. Mean maximum age is 6 years (Ref. 41616). Locally threatened due to pollution and excessive stocking of species of Salmo (Ref. 59043). Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-10-25 00:00:00 2016-01-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4661 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Diagnosed from its congeners in Europe by having lateral line usually reaching beyond anal fin base, a midlateral row of vertically elongated blotches whose depth is about 1/3-1/2 of body depth at same position, often fused in a midlateral stripe (in preserved individuals), caudal peduncle depth 2.6-3.1 times in its length, patches of breast scales separated by unscaled area or (rarely) connected anteriorly by 1-2 rows of scales, snout length 29-34% HL ( 1.1-1.4 times eye diameter), and anal fin origin in front of base of last dorsal ray (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196). Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Morphology-4661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-10-25 00:00:00 2016-01-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4661 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 6 - 8; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 6 - 8; Vertebrae: 38 - 40 Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Distribution-4661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-10-15 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4661 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Eurasia: basins of Atlantic, North and Baltic Seas, Arctic and northern Pacific Ocean, from Garonne (France) eastward to Anadyr and Amur drainages and Korea; Ireland (possibly introduced), Great Britain northward to 58°N. Scandinavia and Russia northernmost extremity, Rhône drainage. Recorded from upper and middle Volga and Ural drainages, Lake Balkhash (Kazakhstan) and upper Syr-Darya drainage (Aral basin), but else identifications need verification. At least one country reports adverse ecological impact after introduction. Several species are confused under Phoxinus phoxinus. Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Uses-4661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-10-15 00:00:00 2010-11-24 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4661 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; bait: usually Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström 1968 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch 1991 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-Migration-4661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-10-15 00:00:00 2010-11-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4661 Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-4661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1991-10-15 00:00:00 2010-11-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4661&StockCode=4868 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Males and females form school separately and arrive on the spawning site at differen times. Spawn over clean gravel areas in flowing water or on wave-washed shores of lakes. Deposit eggs in shallow water on sand or gravel bottom which hatch in 4-5 days at 18°C. Females lay sticky eggs deep into clean gravel (Ref. 59043). Koli, L. 1990 Suomen kalat. [Fishes of Finland]. Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö. Helsinki. 357 p. (in Finnish). (Ref. 6114) FB-TrophicStrategy-4661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1996-12-17 00:00:00 2007-01-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public phoxinus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Species has herbivorous-detritivorous tendencies (Ref. 12053). Michel, P. and T. Oberdorff 1995 Feeding habits of fourteen European freshwater fish species. Cybium 19(1):5-46. (Ref. 12053) FB-Size-4661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-10-15 00:00:00 2010-11-24 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4661 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 14.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 556)); max. reported age: 11 years (Ref. 59043) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström 1968 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-10-15 00:00:00 2010-11-24 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4661 demersal; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - 20 Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)