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	<dc:identifier>FB-4696</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4696</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Gobiiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Odontobutidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Perccottus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pl'>Trawianka</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Chinesische Schläfergrundel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Goloweschka</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Amur sleeper</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Chinese sleeper</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Kaugida unimudil</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Rohmutokko</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ko'>발기</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Goloveshka</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Goloweschka</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>головешка-ротан</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>葛氏鱸塘鱧</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>葛氏鲈塘鳢</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Eleotris dybowskii Herzenstein &amp; Warpachowski, 1888</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Eleotris pleskei Warpachowski, 1888</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Perccottus glehni Dybowski, 1877</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Percottus glehni Dybowski, 1877</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Percottus pleskei (Warpachowski, 1888)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1991-10-25</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-07-15</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>Occurs in lentic waters, lakes, ponds, backwaters and marshes with dense underwater vegetation and avoids river stretches with fast and even slow current (Ref. 59043).  Prefers stagnant rivers and bogs (Ref. 80031).   Can tolerate poorly oxygenated water and able to survive in dried out or completely frozen water bodies by digging itself into mud where it hibernates.  A voracious predatory fish (wide variety of invertebrates, tadpoles and fish) constituting a most serious threat to aquatic fauna wherever it occurs. In small water bodies; known to extirpate almost all other fish species and amphibian larvae.  Spawns for the first time at 1-3 years and about 6.0 cm SL.  Spawns several potions of eggs in May to June at 15-20°C.  Elongated eggs (3.8 x 1.3 mm) with sticky filaments usually deposited in one row close to water surface on underwater structures such as roots, leaves and others.  Males guard the eggs and pelagic larvae (Ref. 59043).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2058&amp;speccode=4696'>Berg, L.S. 1965 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 3, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1949). (Ref. 2058)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-04-25 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2010-06-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4696</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Distinguished from other European freshwater species by the following characters:  2 dorsals with the first with 6-8 simple rays, and the second with 2-3 simple and 8-12 branched rays; no spines on first dorsal; no barbels; pelvics not fused into a disc; no lateral line canals; males during spawning period, develop a hump on nape and become black with bright green spots on body and unpaired fins (Ref. 59043).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2058&amp;speccode=4696'>Berg, L.S. 1965 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 3, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1949). (Ref. 2058)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Morphology-4696</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-04-25 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2010-06-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4696</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 6 - 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9 - 11; Anal spines: 1 - 3; Analsoft rays: 7 - 10</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2058&amp;speccode=4696'>Berg, L.S. 1965 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 3, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1949). (Ref. 2058)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-4696</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-10-25 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-11-28 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4696</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Asia:  Tugur (Sea of Okhotsk) and Amur southward to Yangtze and Fujian.  In Amur, historically known from the middle and lower Amur (from Tygda Rive down to the estuary) with tributaries Zeya, Sungari, Ussuri and the Khanka Lake basin.  Reported from Shilka in the upper Amur where it is introduced (Ref. 82587).  Introduced in Europe (Ref. 59043). At least one country reports adverse ecological impact after introduction (Ref. 2058).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=82587&amp;speccode=4696'>Bogutskaya, N.G., A.M. Naseka, S.V. Shedko, E.D. Vasil'eva and I.A. Chereshnev 2008 The fishes of the Amur River: updated check-list and zoogeography. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 19(4):301-366. (Ref. 82587)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-4696</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-10-25 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-07-15 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4696</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: potential</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2059&amp;speccode=4696'>Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl 1991 Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 1104 p. (Ref. 2059)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2059&amp;speccode=4696'>Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl 1991 Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 1104 p. (Ref. 2059)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-LifeCycle-4696</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-10-25 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-07-15 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4696&amp;StockCode=4914</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Spawns several portions of eggs (Ref. 59043).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26281&amp;speccode=4696'>Balon, E.K. 1975 Reproductive guilds of fishes: a proposal and definition. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 32(6):821-864. (Ref. 26281)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-4696</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Drina Sta. Iglesia</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2000-11-08 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2004-09-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>glenii</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Prefers stagnant rivers and bogs.  Feed on animal food (including young fish) and readily consumes gnatworms.</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2058&amp;speccode=4696'>Berg, L.S. 1965 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 3, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1949). (Ref. 2058)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-4696</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-10-25 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-07-15 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4696</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses</subject>
	<dc:description>25.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2059)); max. published weight: 250 g (Ref. 80031); max. reported age: 7 years (Ref. 56557)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2059&amp;speccode=4696'>Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl 1991 Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 1104 p. (Ref. 2059)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=80031&amp;speccode=4696'>Reshetnikov, A.N. 2003 The introduced fish, rotan (&lt;i&gt;Perccottus glenii&lt;/i&gt;), depresses populations of aquatic animals (macroinvertebrates, amphibians, and a fish). Hydrobiologia 510(1-3):83-90. (Ref. 80031)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=56557&amp;speccode=4696'>Novikov, N.P., A.S. Sokolovsky, T.G. Sokolovskaya and Y.M. Yakovlev 2002 The fishes of Primorye. Vladivostok, Far Eastern State Tech. Fish. Univ., 552 p. (Ref. 56557)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-4696</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-10-25 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-07-15 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4696</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; freshwater; brackish</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location></dataObject>
</taxon>
</response>