FB-472 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=472 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Notothenioidei Nototheniidae Pleuragramma Pleuragramma antarcticum Boulenger, 1902 Antarktisk sølvfisk Antarctic herring Antarctic silverfish Antarktika hõbekülg Calandre antarctique Antarcticheskaya serebryenka Antarkticheskaya serebryanka Серебрянка антарктическая Diablillo antarctico Diablillo antártico 侧纹南极鱼 側紋南極魚 Pleuragramma antarctica Boulenger, 1902 1990-10-17 2022-11-07 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 Catalog of the genera of recent fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA. 697 p. (Ref. 1830) Hureau, J.-C.0 Family Notothenidae - Antarctic rock cods. p. 323-385. In W. Fischer and J.C. Hureau (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Southern Ocean (Fishing areas 48, 58 and 88) (CCAMLR Convention Area). Rome, FAO. Vol. 2. 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Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-472-29051 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2001-05-08 2001-06-01 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=472 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Plant_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Plant_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2022-11-07 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=472 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Regarded as the only truly pelagic fish in Antarctic waters (Ref. 6390). Larvae and postlarvae occur between 0 to 135 m; juveniles 50 to 400 and adults below 400 m (Ref. 5179). Postlarvae feed mainly on eggs and larvae of copepods; juveniles mainly on copepods, but take also eggs and larvae of euphausiids, polychaetes and chaetognaths (Ref. 5179). Larger items are ingested with increase in size (Ref. 5179). Larval pelagic phase is long (Ref. 28916). Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon 1990 Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179) FB-DiagnosticDescr-472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1999-04-13 00:00:00 2013-01-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=472 Pre-opercular-mandibular canal pores 9 (rarely 10), with 3 (rarely 4) on the mandible. Infraorbital canal with 4+2 pores; lateral line organs (neuromasts) present exposed region between the canal segments, the normal number probably being 4 (rarely 5), but some or all are often missing. Supraorbital canal with 3+1 pores (a second, more posterior pore rarely present in postero-dorsal section); between these 2 supraorbital canal segments is a trough divided by 3 low transverse ridges into 4 shallow depressions; on each ridge is a neuromasts organ. Temporal canal with 1+4 pores; between the 2 segment lies a single exposed neuromast. Supratemporal canal with 1+1 pores; no traces of neuromasts were found in the intervening regions.Color: In life, pink with a silvery hue, the dorsal surface slightly darker. All fins pale, with clear hyaline membranes. The body becomes silvery with a darker dorsum only after death (Ref. 28937). Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon 1990 Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179) FB-Morphology-472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1999-04-13 00:00:00 2013-01-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=472 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 6 - 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 35 - 38; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 36 - 39; Vertebrae: 52 - 56 Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon 1990 Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179) FB-Distribution-472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-11-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=472 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Southern Ocean: Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland, Elephant, South Orkney islands, Weddell, Bellingshausen, Ross and Davis seas, Oates, Adélie, Wilhelm and other coasts of East Antarctica to Prydz Bay. Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon 1990 Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179) FB-Uses-472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2022-11-07 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=472 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: minor commercial; price category: high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon 1990 Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179) FB-LifeCycle-472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2022-11-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=472&StockCode=486 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Mature females may spawn for the first time from around 7-9 years of age (Ref. 71843). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-03-20 00:00:00 2004-09-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public antarcticum http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Adult Antarctic silverfish generally inhabit deeper waters than do juveniles (Ref. 6390). Juveniles are found near the surface, often in association with Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) swarms (Ref. 6390). Larvae inhabit surface waters for 2-3 years (Ref. 28932). Pakhomov, E.A. and S.A. Pankratov 1992 Feeding of juvenile notothenioid fishes of the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic. J. Ichthyol. 32(1):28-37. (Ref. 9025) FB-Size-472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2022-11-07 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=472 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 26.6 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 124149)); max. published weight: 200 g (Ref. 6390); max. reported age: 20 years (Ref. 5216) Artigues, B., B. Morales-Nin and E. Balguerías 2003 Fish length-weight relationships in the Weddell Sea and Bransfield strait. Polar Biol. 26:463-467. (Ref. 124149) Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390) Kock, K.-H. 1992 Antarctic fish and fisheries. Cambridge University Press, U.K. 359 p. (Ref. 5216) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2022-11-07 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=472 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size pelagic-oceanic; marine; depth range 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 127764) Eastman, J.T. 2017 Bathymetric distributions of notothenioid fishes. Polar Biol. 40:2077-2095. (Ref. 127764)