FB-4832 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4832 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Ophidiiformes Carapidae Encheliophis Encheliophis homei (Richardson, 1846) Silwer-pêrelvis Indo-Pacific messmate-fish Silver pearlfish Punane purakala kutunidairo kutunidri kutunilala kutunisucuwalu kutunivula manumanu ni kete ni vula Kakureuo Tenaga-kakureuo Kokkaya-meen കൊക്കായ മീന് I'aui அரிஞ்சான் Billuri-mas Haremkali 大牙潛魚 大牙潜鱼 荷姆氏隐鱼 荷姆氏隱魚 長胸細潛魚 长胸细潜鱼 Carapus homei (Richardson, 1846) Carapus neglectus (Peters, 1855) Echeliophis homei (Richardson, 1846) Fierasfer acus (non Brünnich, 1768) Fierasfer affinis Günther, 1862 Fierasfer brandesu (Bleeker, 1851) Fierasfer caninus (non Günther, 1862) Fierasfer homei (Richardson, 1846) Fierasfer neglectum Peters, 1855 Oxybeles brandesii Bleeker, 1851 Oxybeles homei Richardson, 1846 Oxybelus brandesii Bleeker, 1851 1991-12-18 2013-02-18 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. 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(Ref. 53797) Claro, R. and L.R. Parenti0 The marine ichthyofauna of Cuba. p. 21-57. In Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman and L.R. Parenti (eds) Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press, Wahsington and London. 253p. (Ref. 54206) Chinese Academy of Fishery Science (CAFS)0 Database of genetic resources of aquatic organisms in China (as of January 2007). Chinese Academy of Fishery Science. (Ref. 57879) Baissac, J. de B.0 SWIOP/WP/54 - Checklist of the marine fishes of Mauritius. RAF/87/008/WP/54/90 Regional Project for the Development & Management of Fisheries in the Southwest Indian Ocean. (Ref. 58078) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen0 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) Thaman, R.R., T. Fong and A. Balawa0 Ilava Ni Navakavu: Finfishes of Vanua Navakavu, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. SPRH-FIO Biodiversity and Ethnobiodiversity Report No. 4, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands. (Ref. 79890) Golani, D. and S. V. Bogorodsky0 The fishes of the Red Sea - reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa 2463:1-135. (Ref. 84159) Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez0 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942) Rajan, P.T., C.R. Sreeraj and T. Immanuel0 Fish fauna of coral reef, mangrove, freshwater, offshore and seagrass beds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Haddo, Port Blair. (Ref. 87596) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated internet version of 02 October 2012. Catalog databases of CAS cited in FishBase (website). (Ref. 92135) Fricke, R., P. Durville, G. Bernardi, P. Borsa, G. Mou-Tham and P. Chabanet0 Checklist of the shore fishes of Europa Island, Mozambique Channel, southwestern Indian Ocean, including 302 new records. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, 6:247-276. (Ref. 93651) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82. In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds). A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) van der Elst, Rudy, Simon Chater and Dennis King0 Fishes from Bassas Da India Atoll in the Mozambique Channel. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 629. (Ref. 124899) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) FB-pic-4832-8488 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-14 2010-07-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4832 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cahom_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Cahom_u0.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-4832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-12-18 00:00:00 2013-02-18 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4832 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution This uncommon (Ref. 34024) pearlfish inhabits the coelom and respiratory trees of some holothurians, especially Stichopus chloronotus and Holothuria argus. It is apparently in competition with Jordanicus gracilis [= Encheliophis gracilis] for its preferred host H. argus. Although most occur singly, there is a tendency towards sexual pairing inside the host. Found to depths over 30 m (Ref. 9710). Stomach contents which include amphipod, shrimp and fish indicate non-parasitic, foraging habits (Ref. 6395). Leaves host at night to prey on small fishes and shrimps (Ref 90102). Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins 1999 Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-02-13 00:00:00 2013-04-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4832 Eel-like, moderate to shallow body depth; maxilla free and movable; cardiform teeth present; branchiostegal membranes partly or completely united; swim bladder with thin terminal membrane or bulb; lacking enlarged dentary or premaxillary fangs, dentary diastema, pelvic fins, and swim bladder rocker bone (Ref. 34024).Description: Characterized by translucent with silvery cheek and abdomen; length of pectoral fin 1.9-2.6 in head length; head depth greater than body depth, about 15 in TL; head length about 8.0 in TL; two rows of incurved teeth in jaws, largest are the inner row of upper jaw and outer row of lower jaw; vomer with 2-6 enlarged teeth in middle row on protruding vomer; 2-3 rows of teeth in palatines (Ref. 90102). Markle, D.F. and J.E. Olney 1990 Systematics of the pearlfishes (Pisces: Carapidae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 47(2):269-410. (Ref. 6347) FB-Morphology-4832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-02-13 00:00:00 2013-04-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4832 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal soft rays (total): 33 - 38; Analsoft rays: 53 - 61; Vertebrae: 116 - 128 Markle, D.F. and J.E. Olney 1990 Systematics of the pearlfishes (Pisces: Carapidae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 47(2):269-410. (Ref. 6347) FB-Distribution-4832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-12-17 00:00:00 2013-02-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4832 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and the east coast of Africa (Ref. 583) to the Society Islands (Ref. 9710), as far north as Taiwan, but not Hawaii, and probably south to Tasmania. Markle, D.F. and J.E. Olney 1990 Systematics of the pearlfishes (Pisces: Carapidae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 47(2):269-410. (Ref. 6347) FB-Uses-4832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-12-18 00:00:00 2013-02-18 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4832 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: of no interest Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins 1999 Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024) FB-TrophicStrategy-4832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-02-23 00:00:00 2008-09-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public homei http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Occurs in inshore waters. Commensal with Holothuria, Actinopyga, Stichopus and others (Ref. 75154). Feeds on amphipods, shrimps and fish (Ref. 6395). Trott, L.B. and E.E. Trott 1972 Pearlfishes (Carapidae: Gadiformes) collected from Puerto Galera, Mindoro, Philippines. Copeia 1972(4):839-843. (Ref. 6395) FB-Size-4832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-12-18 00:00:00 2013-02-18 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4832 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses 19.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 6347)) Markle, D.F. and J.E. Olney 1990 Systematics of the pearlfishes (Pisces: Carapidae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 47(2):269-410. (Ref. 6347) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-12-18 00:00:00 2013-02-18 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4832 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 0 - 30 m (Ref. 37816) Myers, R.F. 1999 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816)