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	<dc:identifier>FB-48825</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=48825</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Siluriformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Callichthyidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Corydoras</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Corydoras aurofrenatus Eigenmann &amp; Kennedy, 1903</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Anthrazit-Harnischwels</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Schwarzer Harnischwels</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Kirjokäpypleko</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Carachama negro</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Carachama sin costilla</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Monistiancistrus carachama Fowler, 1940</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Plecostomus pellegrini Regan, 1904</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Pseudorinelepis agassizi (Steindachner, 1877)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Pseudorinelepis agassizii (Steindachner, 1877)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Pseudorinelepis carachama (Fowler, 1940)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Pseudorinelepis pellegrini (Regan, 1904)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Rhinelepis agassizii Steindachner, 1877</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Rinelepis genibarbis Valenciennes, 1840</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1998-05-25</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-07-15</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2059&amp;speccode=48835'>Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 1104 p. (Ref. 2059)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=48835'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6868&amp;speccode=48835'>Burgess, W.E.0 An atlas of freshwater and marine catfishes. A preliminary survey of the Siluriformes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey (USA). 784 p. (Ref. 6868)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13614&amp;speccode=48835'>Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien Atlas, Band 5. Mergus Verlag, Melle, Germany. 1148 p. (Ref. 13614)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26282&amp;speccode=48835'>Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30773&amp;speccode=48835'>Armbruster, J.W. and L.M. Page0 Generic reassignment of the loricariid species &lt;i&gt;Monistiancistrus carachama&lt;/i&gt; Fowler 1940, &lt;i&gt;Plecostomus lacerta&lt;/i&gt; Nichols 1919, and &lt;i&gt;Rhinelepis levis&lt;/i&gt; Pearson 1924 (Teleostei: Siluriformes). Copeia 1997(1):227-232. (Ref. 30773)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31402&amp;speccode=48835'>Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=48835'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33175&amp;speccode=48835'>Montoya-Burgos, J.-I., S. Muller, C. Weber and J. Pawlowski0 Phylogenetic relationships of the Loricariidae (Siluriformes) based on mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences. p. 363-374. In L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Vari, Z.M.S. Lucena and C.A.S. Lucena (eds.) Phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. (Ref. 33175)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33317&amp;speccode=48835'>Armbruster, J.W.0 Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armored catfishes of the &lt;i&gt;Rhinelepis&lt;/i&gt; group (Loricariidae: Hypostominae). Copeia 1998(3):620-636. (Ref. 33317)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33318&amp;speccode=48835'>Armbruster, J.W. and M. Hardman0 Redescription of &lt;i&gt;Pseudorinelepis genibarbis&lt;/i&gt; (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) with comments on behavior as it relates to air-holding. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 10(1):53-61. (Ref. 33318)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34634&amp;speccode=48835'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634)</reference>
	<reference isbn='85-7430-361-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36817&amp;speccode=48835'>Weber, C.0 Loricariidae - Hypostominae (Armored catfishes). p. 351-372. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36817)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=48835'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=48835'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43112&amp;speccode=48835'>Quevedo, R. and R.E. Reis0 &lt;i&gt;Pogonopoma obscurum&lt;/i&gt;: a new species of loricariid catfish (Siluriformes: Loricarridae) from southern Brazil, with comments on the genus &lt;i&gt;Pogonopoma&lt;/i&gt;. Copeia 2002(2):402-410. (Ref. 43112)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51086&amp;speccode=48835'>Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=48835'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=48835'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=48835'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=48835'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=121647&amp;speccode=48835'>Chuctaya, J., L. Capitani, D. Faustino and E. Castro0 Length-weight relationships of 23 fish species from floodplain ecosystems of the Andean Amazon piedmont, Peru. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 34:172-176. (Ref. 121647)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-48835</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-05-25 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=48835</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Found in small sluggish streams, floodplain lakes and large rivers generally in very soft water (Ref. 89711). Water quality measurements from Ushpa Caño showed that the water was very low in oxygen, but neutral (pH 7.0). Was observed to breathe air and when disturbed, would swim through the water column remaining neutrally buoyant.  The species is not an obligate air-breather and does not routinely gulp air in well-oxygenated aquaria. Minimum temperature from Ref.13614.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33318&amp;speccode=48835'>Armbruster, J.W. and M. Hardman 1999 Redescription of &lt;i&gt;Pseudorinelepis genibarbis&lt;/i&gt; (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) with comments on behavior as it relates to air-holding. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 10(1):53-61. (Ref. 33318)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Morphology-48835</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2000-01-24 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2000-01-24 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
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	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder> FAO</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=48835</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7;  Analspines: 1; Analsoft rays: 5</dc:description>
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	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33318&amp;speccode=48835'>Armbruster, J.W. and M. Hardman 1999 Redescription of &lt;i&gt;Pseudorinelepis genibarbis&lt;/i&gt; (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) with comments on behavior as it relates to air-holding. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 10(1):53-61. (Ref. 33318)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-48835</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-05-25 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-11 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=48835</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>South America:  Upper Amazon River basin.</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='85-7430-361-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36817&amp;speccode=48835'>Weber, C. 2003 Loricariidae - Hypostominae (Armored catfishes). p. 351-372. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36817)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-48835</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-05-25 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=48835</dc:source>
	<dc:description>35.6 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 33318))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33318&amp;speccode=48835'>Armbruster, J.W. and M. Hardman 1999 Redescription of &lt;i&gt;Pseudorinelepis genibarbis&lt;/i&gt; (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) with comments on behavior as it relates to air-holding. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 10(1):53-61. (Ref. 33318)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-48835</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-05-25 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=48835</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses</subject>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; freshwater; pH range: 4.5 - 7.5</dc:description>
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