FB-4926 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4926 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Kurtiformes Apogonidae Sphaeramia Sphaeramia orbicularis (Cuvier, 1828) Pokkel-kardinaal Chubby cardinal Orbiculate cardinalfish Polka-dot cardinalfish Harilik lapikkardinal Hososuji-manjû-ishimochi Serinding malam Dangat Suga Kungkungan Moong 大目侧仔 大目側仔 大面侧仔 斑带天竺鲷 斑帶天竺鯛 环纹圆天竺鲷 環紋圓天竺鯛 紅尾圓竺鯛 红尾圆竺鲷 Apogon orbicularis Cuvier, 1828 Siphamia orbicularis (Cuvier, 1828) 1992-01-31 2018-04-05 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Thresher, R.E.0 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) Herre, A.W.C.T.0 Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. (20):1-977. (Ref. 280) Rau, N. and A. Rau0 Commercial marine fishes of the Central Philippines (bony fish). German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Germany. 623 pp. (Ref. 393) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith0 The fishes of Seychelles. Rhodes University, Grahamstown. 215 p. (Ref. 1623) Munz, F.W. and W.N. McFarland0 The significance of spectral position in the rhodopsins of tropical marine fishes. Vision Res.13:1829-1874. (Ref. 2325) Herre, A.W.C.T. and A.F. Umali0 English and local common names of Philippine fishes. U. S. Dept. of Interior and Fish and Wildl. Serv. Circular No. 14, U. S. Gov't Printing Office, Washington. 128 p. (Ref. 2857) Conlu, P.V.0 Guide to Philippine flora and fauna. Fishes. Volume IX. Natural Resources Management Center, Quezon City. 495 p. (Ref. 2858) Gon, O.0 Apogonidae. p. 546-561. In M.M. 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Immanuel0 Fish fauna of coral reef, mangrove, freshwater, offshore and seagrass beds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Haddo, Port Blair. (Ref. 87596) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) Cornish, A.S.0 Fish assemblages associated with shallow, fringing coral communities in sub-tropical Hong Kong: species composition, spatial and temporal patterns. Hong Kong: Pok Fu Lam, University of Hong Kong, PhD Thesis, 300 p. (Ref. 94637) Kagoshima Prefecture (Ryukyu Islands)0 Kagoshima Red List, 2014 Revised. Kagoshima Prefecture, Kagoshima. (http://www.pref.kagoshima.jp/kurashi-kankyo/kankyo/yasei/reddata/index.html; http://www.pref.kagoshima.jp/ad04/kurashi-kankyo/kankyo/yasei/reddata/animal-list4.html) (Ref. 96271) Mabuchi, K., T.H. Fraser, H. Song, Y. Azuma and M. Nishida0 Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters. Zootaxa 3846(2):151-203. (Ref. 96888) Wickel, J., A. Jamon, M. Pinault, P. Durville and P. Chabanet0 Composition et structure des peuplements ichtyologiques marins de l’île de Mayotte (sud-ouest de l’océan Indien). Cybium 38(3):179-203. (Ref. 97629) Donaldson, T.J.0 Fishes of the remote Southwest Palau Islands: a zoogeographic perspective. Pac. Sci. 50(3):285-308. (Ref. 99878) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Gumanao, G.S., M.M. Saceda-Cardoza, B. Mueller and A.R. Bos0 Length-weight and length-length relationships of 139 Indo-Pacific fish species (Teleostei) from the Davao Gulf, Philippines. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33(2):377-385. (Ref. 108462) Qiu, S., B. Chen, J. Du, K.-H. Loh, J. Liao, X. Liu and W. Yang0 Checklist of the coral fish fauna of Xisha Islands, China. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e63945. (Ref. 123833) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/>. Downloaded 10 Jan 2023. (Ref. 126983) Vagelli, A.A.0 The reproductive biology and embryology of <i>Quinca mirifica</i>, an apogonid with direct development that produces non-functional oocytes. Copeia 107(1):36-60. (Ref. 127593) Allen, G.0 The biology and taxonomy of the cardinalfish <i>Sphaeramia orbicularis</i> (Pisces; Apogonidae). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 58:86-92. (Ref. 127647) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4926-2145 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-03 2010-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4926 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sporb_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Sporb_u0.jpg FB-pic-4926-7986 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-07 2000-02-17 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4926 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats shipyard http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sporb_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Sporb_u3.jpg FB-pic-4926-51410 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2009-07-23 2009-07-23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4926 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sporb_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Sporb_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-4926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-01-31 00:00:00 2018-04-05 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4926 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Restricted to coastal waters, forming small aggregations among mangroves, rocks, debris, or piers of shallow sheltered shorelines. Feeds at night (early evening and just before day break), primarily on planktonic crustaceans. Courtship and spawning occur fortnightly (shortly before new moons and full moons). Eggs are incubated by the male for about 8 days. Larval phase pelagic. Sexual maturity is attained at 7 cm by males and at 6 cm by females (Ref. 1602). Gon, O. 1986 Apogonidae. p. 546-561. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4329) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-01 00:00:00 2013-04-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4926 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Greenish grey, with dark vertical bar from origin of spiny dorsal to just in front of anus; scattered spots on body, head and 1st dorsal membrane; pelvic fins dark (Ref. 4329, 48635).Description: Juvenile with more vivid dark markings; greatest depth of body 1.8-2.0 in SL (Ref. 90102). Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Morphology-4926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-01 00:00:00 2013-04-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4926 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 9 Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Distribution-4926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-01-31 00:00:00 2023-01-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4926 Indo-Pacific: East Africa to Kiribati, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia; Belau to eastern Caroline and Mariana Islands in Micronesia. Gon, O. 1986 Apogonidae. p. 546-561. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4329) FB-Uses-4926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-01-31 00:00:00 2018-04-05 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4926 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: minor commercial; price category: high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family FB-LifeCycle-4926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-01-31 00:00:00 2018-04-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4926&StockCode=5159 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Courtship and spawning occur on a semi-lunar cycle, shortly before full and new moons (Ref. 37816). Distinct pairing during courtship and spawning (Ref. 205). Are mouthbrooders (Ref. 240). Males incubate up to 12,000 eggs for a period of about 8 days (Ref. 37816). After the pelagic larval phase, juveniles settle and grow at a rate of 3 to 6 mm per month (Ref. 37816). Thresher, R.E. 1984 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) FB-TrophicStrategy-4926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1996-11-26 00:00:00 2018-04-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public orbicularis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Lives in mangroves in islets (Ref. 9137). Feeds on zooplankton, benthic invertebrates and fish (Ref. 11889). Thollot, P. 1996 Les poissons de mangrove du lagon sud-ouest de Nouvelle-Calédonie. ORSTOM Éditions, Paris. (Ref. 11889) FB-Size-4926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-01-31 00:00:00 2018-04-05 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4926 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 10.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4329)) Gon, O. 1986 Apogonidae. p. 546-561. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4329) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-01-31 00:00:00 2018-04-05 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4926 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 5 m (Ref. 9710) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)