FB-49392 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49392 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Characiformes Stevardiidae Knodus Knodus meridae Eigenmann, 1911 Budech Eitin Azurio tuskfish Scarbreast tuskfin Toothed Wrasse Ira Ho-bak-tom 호박돔 Lán zhū chĭ yú 火衣 牙衣 石馬頭 綠衣 蓝猪齿鱼 藍豬齒魚 Choerodon azuris (Jordan & Snyder, 1901) Choerops azurio Jordan & Snyder, 1901 Crenilabrus stejnegeri Ishikawa, 1904 Labrus japonicus Valenciennes, 1839 1998-08-13 2013-07-15 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Shen, S.C. (ed.)0 Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p. (Ref. 5193) Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen0 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. 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Randall0 An annotated checklist of the species of the labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. (68):1-97. (Ref. 35918) Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Shao, K.-T. and L.-S. Chen0 Exotic Marine Fishes (II). Encylopedia of Field Guide in Taiwan, vol. 18. (Ref. 43497) Shao, K.-T., J.-P. Chen, P.-H. Kao and C.-Y. Wu0 Fish fauna and their geographical distribution along the western coast of Taiwan. Acata Zoologica Taiwanica 4(2):113-140. (Ref. 43515) Shao, K.-T. and L.-S. Chen0 Evaluating the effectiveness of the coal ash artificial reefs at Wan-Li, northern Taiwan. J. Fish. Soc. Taiwan 19(4):239-250. (Ref. 43539) Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843) Chen, J.-P., R.-Q. Jan and K.-T. Shao0 Checklist of reef fishes from Taiping Island (Itu Aba Island), Spratly Islands, South China Sea. Pac. Sci. 51(2):143-166. (Ref. 48445) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Chen, C.-H.0 Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication No. 4. 175 p. (Ref. 55073) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen0 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534) Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim0 Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyo-Hak Pub Co. Seoul. 615p. (in Korean). (Ref. 77001) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Hanel, R., M.W. Westneat and C. Sturmbauer0 Phylogenetic relationships, evolution of broodcare behavior, and geographic speciation in the wrasse Tribe Labrini. J. Molec. Evol. 55:776-789. (Ref. 87405) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) Cornish, A.S.0 Fish assemblages associated with shallow, fringing coral communities in sub-tropical Hong Kong: species composition, spatial and temporal patterns. Hong Kong: Pok Fu Lam, University of Hong Kong, PhD Thesis, 300 p. (Ref. 94637) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Koror Republic of Palau.0 The Rock Islands Southern Lagoon. http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCkQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palaupanfund.org%2Fpdf%2Fmanagementplan%2Fkoror%2FRock%2520Islands%2520Southern%2520Lagoon%2520Area%2520Management%2520Plan%25202012-2016%2520latest%2520July%252018.pdf&ei=HKOcVZ6LMNjr8AXEuKzwCA&usg=AFQjCNFN07tAwxC1s67J47zoXSQImcfNmg&sig2=z7WLKekW7DHqs_11pn39ZA&bvm=bv.96952980,d.dGc [Accessed 08/07/2015]. (Ref. 103126) Wilson, K.D.P.0 Artificial reefs and reef fish in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Friends of the Country Parks & Cosmos Books Ltd., 176p. (Ref. 119494) Dronen, N.O., C.K. Blend, M.C. Ostrowski de Núñez, S.K. Malhotra, N. Jaiswal0 Keys to the species of <i>Neolebouria</i> Gibson, 1976 (Digenea: Opecoelidae: Plagioporinae), with a redescription of <i>Neolebouria truncata</i> (Linton, 1940). Systematic Parasitology 88(3):213-225. (Ref. 121185) Situ, Y.Y. and Y.J. Sadovy0 A preliminary study on local species diversity and seasonal composition in a Hong Kong wet market. Asian Fish. Sci. 17:235-248. (Ref. 125552) To, A.W.L., K.S.H. Ching and S.K.H. Shea0 Hong Kong reef fish photo guide. Eco-Education and Resources Centre (Ref. 128523) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-49409-13965 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1997-03-25 2019-03-12 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49409 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size North http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chazu_j0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Chazu_j0.jpg FB-pic-49409-13966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1997-03-25 2019-03-12 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49409 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chazu_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Chazu_u0.jpg FB-pic-49409-13967 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1997-03-25 2019-03-12 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49409 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chazu_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Chazu_u1.jpg Locality: Sukumo Bay, Shikoku, Japan. FB-GeneralDescr-49409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-08-14 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49409 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Adults are found near shore in rock bottom (Ref. 11230). Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-DiagnosticDescr-49409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Sheryl Yap 2004-08-04 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49409 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Body anterior to wedge in adults somewhat dusky, paler posteriorly. Body with an anteroventrally angled narrow dusky wedge extending from base of tenth or eleventh dorsal-fin spine to posterior side of pectoral-fin base. Scales on subopercle reaching to or nearly to below anterior extent of ventral preopercular edge; predorsal scales reaching nearly to above posterior extent of orbit on dorsal midline of head (somewhat short of this in very large specimens). Juveniles somewhat mottled, but with a faint indication of above pattern and an ocellated dark spot posteriorly on dorsal fin. Westneat, M.W. 2001 Labridae. Wrasses, hogfishes, razorfishes, corises, tuskfishes. p. 3381-3467. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9823) FB-Morphology-49409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Sheryl Yap 2004-08-04 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49409 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7; Anal spines: 3; Analsoft rays: 10 Westneat, M.W. 2001 Labridae. Wrasses, hogfishes, razorfishes, corises, tuskfishes. p. 3381-3467. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9823) FB-Distribution-49409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-08-14 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49409 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Western Pacific: southern Japan, Korean Peninsula, Taiwan, and the China seas. Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-Uses-49409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-08-14 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49409 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Baensch, H.A. and H. Debelius 1997 SF457.1 .B3513 1994 Mergus Verlag GmbH, Postfach 86, 49302, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. 3rd edition. (Ref. 27115) Baensch, H.A. and H. Debelius 1997 SF457.1 .B3513 1994 Mergus Verlag GmbH, Postfach 86, 49302, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. 3rd edition. (Ref. 27115) FB-LifeCycle-49409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Philip Munday 1998-08-14 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=49409&StockCode=41368 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Pelagic spawner. Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Nakazono, A. and J.D. Kusen 1989 Protogynous hermaphroditism in the wrasse <i>Choerodon azurio</i>. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish. __:417-420. (Ref. 32215) FB-TrophicStrategy-49409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2001-07-17 00:00:00 2023-07-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public azurio http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Inhabits rocky coastal regions (Ref. 9137). Feed on small fishes and benthic invertebrates, particularly gastropods. Reported to swallow an entire gastropod, digesting its soft parts while excreting the shell undamaged (Ref. 128523). Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen 1993 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) FB-Size-49409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-08-14 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49409 40.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 90102)) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann 2012 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-49409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-08-14 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49409 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology reef-associated; marine, usually 8 - 50 m (Ref. 27115) Baensch, H.A. and H. Debelius 1997 SF457.1 .B3513 1994 Mergus Verlag GmbH, Postfach 86, 49302, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. 3rd edition. (Ref. 27115)