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	<dc:identifier>FB-54546</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=54546</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Characiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Spintherobolidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Spintherobolus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Spintherobolus leptoura Weitzman &amp; Malabarba, 1999</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Cascudo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Täpläotapleko</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hemipsilichthys mutuca Oliveira &amp; Oyakawa, 1999</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1999-11-29</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2021-09-16</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=32949&amp;speccode=54557'>de Oliveira, J.C. and O.T. Oyakawa0 Two new species of &lt;i&gt;Hemipsilichthys&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei: Loricariidae) from Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 10(1):73-80. (Ref. 32949)</reference>
	<reference isbn='85-7430-361-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36817&amp;speccode=54557'>Weber, C.0 Loricariidae - Hypostominae (Armored catfishes). p. 351-372. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36817)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=54557'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40919&amp;speccode=54557'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=42856&amp;speccode=54557'>Pereira, E.H. and R.E. Reis0 Revision of the loricariid genera &lt;i&gt;Hemipsilichthys&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Isbrueckerichthys&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei: Siluriformes), with descriptions of five new species of &lt;i&gt;Hemipsilichthys&lt;/i&gt;. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 13(2):97-146. (Ref. 42856)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51086&amp;speccode=54557'>Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58032&amp;speccode=54557'>Ferraris, C.J. Jr.0 Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types. Zootaxa 1418:1-628. (Ref. 58032)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86302&amp;speccode=54557'>IBAMA0 Instrução normativa no. 5 de 21 de maio de 2004. Anexo 1. http://www.ibama.gov.br/rec_pesqueiros/legislacao.php?id_arq=98. Accessed in August 9th, 2010. (Ref. 86302)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=116654&amp;speccode=54557'>Saks, L.0 Estonian Common Names, Rank 2. Personal communication (Ref. 116654)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130067&amp;speccode=54557'>Pessali, T.C., G.N. Salvador, C.B.M. Alves, D.H.C. Drager, C.H. Zawadzki, E.G. Prata, F. Vieira, G.B. Santos, G.R. Rosa, I. Penido, J.P.C. Gomes, M.F.G. Brito, P.S. Pompei, R.P. Leitao, S.A. dos Santos, T.A. Barroso and T.C. … Ribeiro0 Length-weight relationships of 78 fish species from São Francisco River basin, Brazil. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 38:344-351. (Ref. 130067)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1999-12-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-08-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Found in rocky and stony areas.  During the day, this fish hides under the stones in the deep and shaded places but is always active.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58032&amp;speccode=54557'>Ferraris, C.J. Jr. 2007 Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types. Zootaxa 1418:1-628. (Ref. 58032)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-54557</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:created>1999-12-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:description>Distinguished from other Hemipsilichthys species by the exposed lateral process of cleithrum above pectoral fin insertion very reduced in size, never passing the origin of the pectoral fin spine; and by the arrangement of the hypertrophied odontodes on the lateral margin of head, which are longer posteriorly and slightly turned backwards (Ref. 42856).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=42856&amp;speccode=54557'>Pereira, E.H. and R.E. Reis 2002 Revision of the loricariid genera &lt;i&gt;Hemipsilichthys&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Isbrueckerichthys&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei: Siluriformes), with descriptions of five new species of &lt;i&gt;Hemipsilichthys&lt;/i&gt;. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 13(2):97-146. (Ref. 42856)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Morphology-54557</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1999-12-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=54557</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Dorsal soft rays (total): 7; Analsoft rays: 6</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=42856&amp;speccode=54557'>Pereira, E.H. and R.E. Reis 2002 Revision of the loricariid genera &lt;i&gt;Hemipsilichthys&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Isbrueckerichthys&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei: Siluriformes), with descriptions of five new species of &lt;i&gt;Hemipsilichthys&lt;/i&gt;. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 13(2):97-146. (Ref. 42856)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-54557</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1999-12-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=54557</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>South America:  Headwaters of  Das Velhas River basin.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='85-7430-361-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36817&amp;speccode=54557'>Weber, C. 2003 Loricariidae - Hypostominae (Armored catfishes). p. 351-372. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36817)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-54557</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1999-12-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=54557</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: of no interest</dc:description>
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	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-54557</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1999-12-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=54557</dc:source>
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	<dc:description>10.2 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 130067)); max. published weight: 30.8 g (Ref. 130067)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130067&amp;speccode=54557'>Pessali, T.C., G.N. Salvador, C.B.M. Alves, D.H.C. Drager, C.H. Zawadzki, E.G. Prata, F. Vieira, G.B. Santos, G.R. Rosa, I. Penido, J.P.C. Gomes, M.F.G. Brito, P.S. Pompei, R.P. Leitao, S.A. dos Santos, T.A. Barroso and T.C. … Ribeiro 2022 Length-weight relationships of 78 fish species from São Francisco River basin, Brazil. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 38:344-351. (Ref. 130067)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130067&amp;speccode=54557'>Pessali, T.C., G.N. Salvador, C.B.M. Alves, D.H.C. Drager, C.H. Zawadzki, E.G. Prata, F. Vieira, G.B. Santos, G.R. Rosa, I. Penido, J.P.C. Gomes, M.F.G. Brito, P.S. Pompei, R.P. Leitao, S.A. dos Santos, T.A. Barroso and T.C. … Ribeiro 2022 Length-weight relationships of 78 fish species from São Francisco River basin, Brazil. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 38:344-351. (Ref. 130067)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-54557</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1999-12-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=54557</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; freshwater; depth range 0 - ? m (Ref. 32949)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=32949&amp;speccode=54557'>de Oliveira, J.C. and O.T. Oyakawa 1999 Two new species of &lt;i&gt;Hemipsilichthys&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei: Loricariidae) from Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 10(1):73-80. (Ref. 32949)</reference></dataObject>
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