FB-5555 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Scaridae Scarus Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker, 1847 Mellemau Mesekelatlelebt Papagaio de brasa Kool-papegaaivis Angol Asul Bon-ak Bunog na angol Maming Mol-mol Mol-mol perikohon Rødlæbet papegøjefisk Funken-Papageifisch Bicolor parrotfish Blackvein parrotfish Black-veined red parrotfish Ember parrotfish Half & half parrotfish Half and half parrotfish Parrotfish Redlip parrotfish Redlipped parrot Kühmnina-papagoikala bubute bubute damu kakarawa soqo Ulavi Perroquet braisé Perroquet lie-de-vin Perroquet prairie Perroquet rouge-violet Perroquet violet Mul-mul Mur-mur Pesce pappagallo Naga-budai Chandi ചണ്ടി ചാണ്ടി Bayan Bayan bara Kalat Ketarap Perencong Tabake Laea-mea Mamaria Mamari'a ninamu Moreo More'o Uhu mamaria Isdang loro Loro Luro Lutiin Mulmol Yapot Loro Loro bicolor Loro violáceo Aliyakyak Angke Borra Buntog Buyos Bungalog Busalog Ditun Fasiulimat Fasúnúmat Gawegaw Holoveka Homo Kakatwa rouz Landaa Lehe Lehe ijo Loro Mas Molmol Moymoy Moy-moy Mul-mul ungus Niru kakatua makerek aman Niru mean in Ufuloloa Ufumea Ulafi Vanga udu Yómosukin 紅紫鸚哥魚 红紫鹦哥鱼 鈍頭擬鸚嘴魚 鈍頭鸚嘴魚 钝头拟鹦嘴鱼 钝头鹦嘴鱼 鹦哥 Callyodon africanus Smith, 1955 Callyodon jordani (Jenkins, 1901) Callyodon ruberrimus Jordan & Seale, 1906 Callyodon rubrovidaceus (Bleeker, 1847) Callyodon rubroviolaceus (Bleeker, 1847) Margaritodon africanus (Smith, 1955) Pseudoscarus jordani Jenkins, 1901 Scarops jordani (Jenkins, 1901) Scarops rubroviolaceus (Bleeker, 1847) Scarus chlorodon (non Jenyns, 1842) Scarus jordani (Jenkins, 1901) 1992-06-05 2013-05-21 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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(Ref. 105474) Samaniego, B.R.0 Changes in the fish and benthic communities within marine protected areas of difference ages in Batangas, Verde Island Passage, and the perceived benefit of reef fishers. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna. 151 pp. (Ref. 107629) Nañola, C.L. Jr. and L.A.B. Meñez0 Status of corals and reef fishes around Verde Island-2004. Conservation International, Inc., 32 p. (Ref. 107855) Kanikawa, K.T., E. Cruz, T.E. Essington, J. Hospital, J.K.T. Brodziak and T.A. Branch0 Length-weight relationships for 85 fish species from Guam. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 31:1171-1174. (Ref. 107958) Stein, A.0 La pêche côtière aux Australes. p. 215-225 Salvat, B.; Bambridge, T.; Tanret, D.; Petit, J. 2015 Environnement marin des îles Australes, Polynésie française. Institut Récifs Coralliens Pacifique, CRIOBE et The Pew Charitable Trusts Polynésie française. Polynésie française, Tahiti, p. 342. (Ref. 108064) Gumanao, G.S., M.M. Saceda-Cardoza, B. Mueller and A.R. Bos0 Length-weight and length-length relationships of 139 Indo-Pacific fish species (Teleostei) from the Davao Gulf, Philippines. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33(2):377-385. (Ref. 108462) Raymundo, L., R. Diaz, A Miller and T. Reynolds0 Baseline surveys of proposed and established marine sanctuaries on Bantayan Island, northern Cebu. Technical Report No. 11. University of Guam. 64 p. (Ref. 114734) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Morais, R.A. and D.R. Bellwood0 Global drivers of reef fish growth. Fish and Fisheries 2018:1-16. (Ref. 118235) DeMartini, E.E., A.H. Andrews, K.G. Howard, B.M. Taylor, D.C. Lou and M.K. Donovan0 Comparative growth, age at maturity and sex change, and longevity of Hawaiian parrotfishes, with bomb radiocarbon validation. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 75(4):580-589. (Ref. 118243) Taylor, B.M. and C. Pardee0 Growth and maturation of the redlip parrotfish <i>Scarus rubroviolaceus</i>. J. Fish Biol. 90(6):2452-2461. (Ref. 118261) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82. In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds). A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) Garcés, H.0 Lista sistemática preliminar de los peces marinos comerciales del Pacifico de Panama. Tecnociencia, 23(1):198-237. (Ref. 123526) Matthews, T., D. Ochavillo, S. Felise, T. Letalie, E. Letuane, E. Schuster, A. Soonaolo, S. Tofaeono, A. Tua and F. Tuilagi0 Length-weight relationships for 71 reef and bottomfish species from Tutuila and Aunu'u, American Samoa. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent. Admin. Rep. H-19-03, 9 p. (Ref. 125599) Tilley, A.0 Timor-Leste common names. Personal communication [accessed 15/08/2022]. (Ref. 127010) Grove, J.S., D.J. Long, D.R. Robertson and B.C. Victor0 List of fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. J. Ocean Sci. Found. 39:14-22. (Ref. 127348) Hazes, B.0 Hazes' underwater photos. Collection of Philippine underwater photos. Unpublished. (Ref. 127519) To, A.W.L., K.S.H. Ching and S.K.H. Shea0 Hong Kong reef fish photo guide. Eco-Education and Resources Centre (Ref. 128523) Howard, K.G., J.T. Claisse, T.B. Clark, K. Boyle and J.D. Parrish0 Home range and movement patterns of the Redlip Parrotfish (<i>Scarus rubroviolaceus</i>) in Hawaii. Mar. Biol. 160:1583-1595. (Ref. 129214) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Muallil, R.N., A.M. Tambihasan, M.J. Enojario, R.T. Tarabasa, A.A. Habibuddin, A.S. Injani, M.A.T. Ammang, A.S. Aksa and C.L. Nañola Jr.0 Data on the length-weight relationship of 161 species of commercially important coral reef fishes in Tawi-Tawi islands, Southern Philippines. Data in Brief 50. (Ref. 132177) Béarez, P. and L. Bouffandeau0 Fishing for survival: The forgotten slaves of Tromelin Island (Indian Ocean). Int J Osteoarchaeol. 29:487-498. (Ref. 137464) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Petit-Marty, N., M. Vázquez-Luis and I.E. Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103) FB-pic-5555-618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-04-06 1999-11-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Scrub_m2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Scrub_m2.jpg FB-pic-5555-619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-04-06 1999-11-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Scrub_f2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Scrub_f2.jpg FB-pic-5555-2163 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-04 2023-03-16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 terminal phase http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sccau_m0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Sccau_m0.jpg FB-pic-5555-2203 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. 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Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Scrub_m0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Scrub_m0.jpg FB-pic-5555-5320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-08-12 1997-04-11 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. 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Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat initial phase http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Scrub_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Scrub_u1.gif FB-pic-5555-13386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1997-02-17 1999-07-12 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution initial phase; 1979 Locality: Sodwana Bay, Natal, South Africa. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Scrub_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Scrub_u0.jpg Locality: Sodwana Bay, Natal, South Africa. FB-pic-5555-13387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1997-02-17 2018-11-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses terminal phase http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Scrub_m1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Scrub_m1.jpg FB-pic-5555-18982 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-04-02 2018-11-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Scrub_f1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Scrub_f1.jpg FB-pic-5555-18983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-04-02 1999-06-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Scrub_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Scrub_u1.jpg FB-pic-5555-18984 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-04-02 1999-06-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Scrub_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Scrub_u3.jpg FB-pic-5555-18985 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-04-02 2023-03-16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Scrub_j0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Scrub_j0.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-5555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-05 00:00:00 2013-05-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Occurs solitary or in pairs in seaward reefs (Ref. 90102). Usually over rocky or coral substrates, at boulder-strewn slopes at the base of high-island cliffs where it may occur in large schools. Large adult usually on upper parts of deep slopes, but seen to about 35 m depth (Ref. 48636). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on benthic algae (Ref. 30573). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). An uncommon species (Ref. 9338). Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2019-02-13 00:00:00 2019-02-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat This species is distinguished by the following characters: 6 median predorsal scales; 3 scale rows on cheek 1(5-7), 2(5-7), 3(1-3); pectoral-fin rays 14-16 (usually 15); conical teeth on side, 0-1 on upper dental plate of female, 1-3 on terminal male; lips mainly covering half or more of dental plates; terminal male with angular snout profile; caudal fin slightly emarginate in female, lunate with prolonged lobes in terminal male. Colour of male with distinct bicolour pattern, brownish to dark green on head and anterior body and lighter green on posterior portion; female reddish brown to grey with small black spots and irregular black lines and white flakes on body (Ref. 9793, 90102). Bellwood, D.R. 2001 Scaridae. Parrotfishes. p. 3468-3492. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9793) FB-Morphology-5555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2019-02-13 00:00:00 2019-02-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9 Bellwood, D.R. 2001 Scaridae. Parrotfishes. p. 3468-3492. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9793) FB-Distribution-5555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-05 00:00:00 2023-11-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 Indo-Pacific: East Africa south to Durban, South Africa (Ref. 5490) and east to the Tuamoto Islands, north to the Ryukyu and Hawaiian islands, south to Shark Bay, Western Australia and the southern Great Barrier Reef. Excluding Rapa and Austral Islands (Ref. 86689). Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 5227). Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Uses-5555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-05 00:00:00 2013-05-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen 1993 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) Miyasaka, A. 1993 A database on scientific and common names of fishes exported from Hawaii. The information was derived from the above mentioned database. A printout of the names is also available from the State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Honolulu, Hawaii. (Ref. 5358) FB-LifeCycle-5555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-05 00:00:00 2013-05-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5555&StockCode=5845 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Sex change occurs at 37.4 cm TL and 13 years of age (Ref. 55367). Allsop, D.J. and S.A. West 2003 Constant relative age and size at sex change for sequentially hermaphroditic fish. J. Evol. Biol. 16(2003):921-929. (Ref. 55367) FB-TrophicStrategy-5555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 2000-02-19 00:00:00 2008-12-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public rubroviolaceus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Occurs in seaward reefs. Usually over rocky or coral substrates, at boulder-strewn slopes at the base of high-island cliffs where it may occur in large schools. Large adult usually on upper parts of deep slopes, but seen to about 35 m depth (Ref. 48636). Roving herbivore, that feeds on detritus, turf algae and macroalgae (Ref. 30573, 57615).Was observed to feed in an oblique head-down position, scraping the surface of the turf-covered substratum. Each bite produced a pair of narrow paralle scarpes marked by dislodged algae; scarring of the substartum occurred only occasionally. The bite rate was approximately 15-20 bites per minute, with most bites being grouped in short feeding bouts. Once ingested, all algae were finely triturated by the action of the pharyngeal apparatus. Only a few filaments remained intact (Ref. 34014). Bellwood, D.R. and J.H. Choat 1990 A functional analysis of grazing in parrotfishes (family Scaridae): the ecological implications. Environ. Biol. Fishes 28(1-4):189-214. (Ref. 26993) FB-Size-5555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-05 00:00:00 2013-05-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 70.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2334)); max. reported age: 20 years (Ref. 42001) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) Grandcourt, E.M. 2002 Demographic characteristics of a selection of exploited reef fish from the Seychelles: preliminary study. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 53:123-130. (Ref. 42001) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-05 00:00:00 2013-05-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5555 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 36 m (Ref. 5227) Humann, P. and N. DeLoach 1993 Reef fish identification. Galápagos. New World Publications, Inc., Florida. 267 p. (Ref. 5227)