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	<dc:identifier>FB-56390</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=56390</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Ophidiiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Bythitidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Hephthocara</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Hephthocara simum Alcock, 1892</dwc:ScientificName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Saccogaster normae Cohen &amp; Nielsen, 1972</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>2000-05-12</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-05-20</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=56396'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='92-5-104375-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34024&amp;speccode=56396'>Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins0 Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=56396'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40498&amp;speccode=56396'>Béarez, P.0 Lista de los peces marinos del Ecuador continental. Rev. Biol. Trop. 44(2):731-741. (Ref. 40498)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93007&amp;speccode=56396'>Nielsen, J.G., W. Schwarzhans and D.M. Cohen0 Revisions of &lt;i&gt;Hastatobythites&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Saccogaster&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus. Zootaxa 3579:1-36. (Ref. 93007)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1849954984' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128868&amp;speccode=56396'>Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. 	Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-56396</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2000-05-12 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-01-31 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=56396</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Rare species, known from two specimens (Ref. 34024).  A viviparous species living on the lower part of the continental shelf (80-150 m). Four examined female specimens are with well-developed eggs but apparently no embryos. Sections of ripe testes show that the spermatozoans are arranged in spermatophores (Ref. 93007).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93007&amp;speccode=56396'>Nielsen, J.G., W. Schwarzhans and D.M. Cohen 2012 Revisions of &lt;i&gt;Hastatobythites&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Saccogaster&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus. Zootaxa 3579:1-36. (Ref. 93007)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-56396</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2014-08-12 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2014-08-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=56396</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>This species is distinguished from it congeners by the following characters:  gill filaments on anterior arch is 4-5 times the length of the developed rakers; a pair of very small, subdermal, closely set spines on frontal plate above and behind eyes, absence of spine on ethmoid; anterior arch with 2-3 developed rakers, not much longer than spiny knobs; gill filaments on anterior arch 4-5 times length of developed rakers; palatines 2-4 tooth rows; prolonged pectoral peduncle adnate to body; vertebrae, precaudal 14-16 and total 54-56; fin rays, D 83-87, A 51-54, caudal 12-13, pectoral 17-19 (Ref. 93007).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93007&amp;speccode=56396'>Nielsen, J.G., W. Schwarzhans and D.M. Cohen 2012 Revisions of &lt;i&gt;Hastatobythites&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Saccogaster&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus. Zootaxa 3579:1-36. (Ref. 93007)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Morphology-56396</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2014-08-12 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2014-08-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=56396</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>Dorsal soft rays (total): 83 - 87; Analsoft rays: 51 - 54; Vertebrae: 54 - 56</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93007&amp;speccode=56396'>Nielsen, J.G., W. Schwarzhans and D.M. Cohen 2012 Revisions of &lt;i&gt;Hastatobythites&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Saccogaster&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus. Zootaxa 3579:1-36. (Ref. 93007)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-56396</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2000-05-12 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=56396</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Southeast Pacific:  off Peru to Costa Rica.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='92-5-104375-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34024&amp;speccode=56396'>Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins 1999 Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-56396</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2000-05-12 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-01-31 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=56396</dc:source>
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	<dc:description>fisheries: of no interest</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='92-5-104375-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34024&amp;speccode=56396'>Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins 1999 Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-56396</dc:identifier>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>14.2 cm  (female)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93007&amp;speccode=56396'>Nielsen, J.G., W. Schwarzhans and D.M. Cohen 2012 Revisions of &lt;i&gt;Hastatobythites&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Saccogaster&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus. Zootaxa 3579:1-36. (Ref. 93007)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-56396</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:created>2000-05-12 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-01-31 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; marine; depth range 80 - 150 m (Ref. 93007)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93007&amp;speccode=56396'>Nielsen, J.G., W. Schwarzhans and D.M. Cohen 2012 Revisions of &lt;i&gt;Hastatobythites&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Saccogaster&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus. Zootaxa 3579:1-36. (Ref. 93007)</reference></dataObject>
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