FB-602 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=602 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Clupeiformes Engraulidae Thrissina Thrissina vitrirostris (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908) Kawa Lache-e-dahan-naranji Ocar de cristal Ocares Oranjebek-glasneus أنشوفة-شارب بِلَّوْر Sardel durbanská Glassnosed anchovy Grass-nose Thryssa Malabar thryssa Orangemouth anchovy Orangemouth glassnose Eresuu-trüssa Anchois-moustache cristal Tove Samaduul Dagaa Dagaa papa Pata Shembea Nedu-poruva நெடும் பொருவா நெடும்பொருவ Bocarte cristal Biala Bolinao Dilis Renimbarivata Tovo 黃吻棱鯷 黄吻棱鳀 Engraulis vitrirostris Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908 Thrissa vitirostris (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908) Thrissocles malabaricus (non Bloch, 1795) Thrissocles vitirostris (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908) Thryssa vitirostris (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908) Thryssa vitrirostris (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908) 1990-10-17 2024-01-22 Fischer, W. and P.J.P. Whitehead (eds.)0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (fishing area 57) and Western Central Pacific (fishing area 71). Vols. 1-4. FAO, Rome. pag.var. (Ref. 28) Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189) Brinca, L., A. Jorge da Silva, L. Sousa, I.M. Sousa and R. Saetre0 A survey on the fish resources at Sofala Bank - Mozambique, September 1982. Reports on surveys with the R/V "Dr. Fridtjof Nansen", Instituto de Investigação Pesqueira - Maputo, Institute of Marine Research - Bergen. 70 p. (Ref. 1455) Bianchi, G.0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine and brackish-water species of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of TCP/URT/4406 and FAO (FIRM) Regular Programme. FAO, Rome. 199 p. (Ref. 2871) van der Elst, R.0 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670) Torres, F.S.B. Jr.0 Tabular data on marine fishes from Southern Africa, Part I. Length-weight relationships. Fishbyte 9(1):50-53. (Ref. 3678) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. 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Motomura0 Two new species of <i>Thrissina</i> (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the northern Indian Ocean and redescription of <i>Thrissina vitrirostris</i> (Gilchrist and Thompson 1908). Ichthyol. Res. 67(1):155-166 (Ref. 128122) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-602-6135 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-11-16 1996-07-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=602 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Thvit_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Thvit_u0.gif FB-pic-602-8645 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-16 2000-04-28 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=602 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Thvit_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Thvit_u0.jpg FB-pic-602-8646 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-16 2010-07-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=602 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fish market Locality: Dammam, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Thvit_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Thvit_u1.jpg Locality: Dammam, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. FB-GeneralDescr-602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=602 A coastal, pelagic species (Ref. 28), apparently common along shore and in estuaries (Ref. 5430). Presumably schooling, occurring inshore and entering estuaries and lagoons, perhaps used as nursery areas, but moving further out in rainy seasons when coastal waters are freshened up by rivers (Ref. 189). It feeds on plankton organisms (Ref. 28). May be caught using ringnets (Ref. 5213). Generally marketed fresh, may be salted or dried (Ref. 5284). Hata, H. and H. Motomura 2019 Two new species of <i>Thrissina</i> (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the northern Indian Ocean and redescription of <i>Thrissina vitrirostris</i> (Gilchrist and Thompson 1908). Ichthyol. Res. 67(1):155-166 (Ref. 128122) FB-DiagnosticDescr-602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2020-09-30 21:31:09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=602 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Diagnosis: Body compressed, belly with 16-19 pre-pelvic and 8-12 post-pelvic scutes, a total of 24-30 keeled scutes from isthmus to anus; maxilla long, reaching beyond base of first pectoral finray; first supra-maxilla a minute oval; lower gillrakers 18-24, the serrae on the inner edge in distinct clumps in larger fishes; anal fin with 3-4 unbranched rays and 31-40 branched rays; a dark blotch behind upper part of gill opening; inside of gill cavity bright orange (Ref. 189). This species overlaps the range of different other species of Thryssa, of which five have a similar maxilla, very small first supra-maxilla and overlapping gillraker counts; however of these five species, T. gautamiensis, T. malabarica, T. purava and T. whiteheadi all have the tip of the snout at or above the level of the centre of the eye, and the last two, plus T. stenosoma, have at least 38 branched anal finrays (Ref. 189).Description: Body fusiform, fairly strongly compressed, and its bluntly rounded, almost translucent snout distinctly overlaps the large, underslung mouth (Ref. 28, 189, 12484). Both jaws bear very fine teeth, and the upper jaw extends far back, but not beyond the pectoral fin base, as in the case of the similar, but more tropically distributed Thryssa setirostris (Ref. 12484). The 3 or more rakers on the first gill arch are long and serrated; 18-24 lower gillrakers and 14-17 upper gillrakers on first arch; branchiostegal rays 11-12 (Ref. 189, 5430, 12484, 30573, 122607). None of the fins have spines; dorsal fin with 3 unbranched and 10-11 branched rays; anal fin with 3-4 unbranched and 31-40 branched rays; pectoral fin with 1 unbranched and 11-12 branched rays; pelvic fin with 1 unbranched and 6-7 branched rays; caudal fin is strongly forked (Ref. 189, 5430, 12484, 122607). There are about 40-44 series of scales arranged along the lateral line (Ref. 5430, 12484). The scales along the underside, before and behind pelvic-fin base, are developed into 24-41 scutes which give the belly a sharply edged keel; usually with 16-19 pre-pelvic and 8-12 post-pelvic keeled scutes from isthmus to anus (Ref. 189, 5430, 12484). Vertebrae 43-45 (Ref. 122607).Colouration: The overall body colour is silver, but the fish is usually bluish along its dorsal surface; the belly is white; the fins are translucent or dusky-yellow and the inside of the mouth is conspicuously orange (Ref. 12484). A dark blotch behind upper part of gill opening; inside of gill cavity bright orange (Ref. 28, 189, 30573). Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana 1988 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189) FB-Morphology-602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2020-09-30 21:31:09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=602 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 14; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 34 - 44; Vertebrae: 43 - 45 Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana 1988 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189) FB-Distribution-602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-11-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=602 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Western Indian Ocean: from the east coast of Africa, Kenya to Natal, South Africa, and Madagascar. Hata, H. and H. Motomura 2019 Two new species of <i>Thrissina</i> (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the northern Indian Ocean and redescription of <i>Thrissina vitrirostris</i> (Gilchrist and Thompson 1908). Ichthyol. Res. 67(1):155-166 (Ref. 128122) FB-Uses-602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=602 fisheries: minor commercial; bait: usually; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) van der Elst, R. 1993 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. (3rd Ed.). Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 398 p. (Ref. 12484) FB-TrophicStrategy-602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2008-06-10 00:00:00 2008-06-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public vitrirostris http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Presumably schooling, occurring inshore and entering estuaries and lagoons (perhaps as nursery areas), but moving further out in rainy seasons when coastal waters are freshened up by rivers. Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga 1990 Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p. (Ref. 5213) FB-Size-602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=602 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy 22.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5430)) Whitehead, P.J.P. and T. Wongratana 1986 Engraulidae. p. 204-207. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 5430) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=602 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats pelagic-neritic; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189) Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana 1988 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)