FB-669 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=669 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Squaliformes Dalatiidae Dalatias Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788) Spansk håkjerring Liksa Carocho Gata Gata-lixa Gato Lixa-de-pau Negra Pailona Peixelim Trabolha Robhaai Djalli i natës Peshkagen Kalb Žralok drakoploutvý Sagrinu neru Morgi gweflog Chokoladehaj Darkie Charlie Dunkler Hai Schokoladenhai Black shark Darkie charlie Kitefin shark Kitefm Shark Seal shark Šokolaadhai Šokolaad-ogahai Liche Squale liche Simnus Drkovna Skarðaháfur Cani monicu Diavolo Diavulu di funnu Naire Neigra Paddottula Stire verde Zegrine Zigrino Zigrino negro Hiu beurit Yoroizame Murruna sewda Далатия (=чёрная пряморотая акула) Drkovina Pas mrkalj Chokladhaj Köpek balığı Köpekbalığı Carocho Gata Gata tramolla Lija Lija negra Gata-lixa Negret xato Skylopsaro Skymnoskylopsaro Valse doornhaai Zwarte haai Σκυλόψαρο Σκυμνοσκυλόψαρο 厚唇角鯊 厚唇角鲨 鎧鯊 铠鲨 黑鮫 黑鲛 Dalatias lica (Bonnaterre, 1788) Dalatias lichia (Bonnaterre, 1788) Dalatias sparophagus Rafinesque, 1810 Dalatias tachiensis Shen & Ting, 1972 Pseudoscymnus boshuensis Herre, 1935 Scymnorhinus brevipinnis Smith, 1936 Scymnorhinus licha (Bonnaterre, 1788) Scymnorhinus phillippsi Whitley, 1931 Scymnus aquitanensis de la Pylaie, 1835 Scymnus vulgaris Cloquet, 1822 Squalus americanus Gmelin, 1789 Squalus licha Bonnaterre, 1788 Squalus nicaeensis Risso, 1810 Squalus scymnus Voigt, 1832 1992-06-15 2023-02-06 Coppola, S.R., W. 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Vacchi0 Mediterranean fish biodiversity: an updated inventory with focus on the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas. Zootaxa 3263:1-46. (Ref. 95871) Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden and J.S. Nelson0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada and Mexico, 7th edition. Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, 384 p. (Ref. 96293) Miniconi, R.0 Complément à l'inventaire des poissons des eaux de Corse (1994-2011). Biologie - Pȇche - Localisation. Edition A Barcella Ajaccio, 50 p. (Ref. 96325) Barría, C., J. Navarro, M. Coll, U. Fernancez-Arcaya and R. Sáez-Liante0 Morphological parameters of abundant and threatened chondrichthyans of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 31(1):114-119. (Ref. 100834) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Goren, M. and B.S. Galil0 A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 3994(4):507-530. (Ref. 104125) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi0 Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi. http://term.eki.ee/termbase/view/7351963/ (Ref. 105574) Barria, C., M. Coll and J. Navarro0 Unravelling the ecological role and trophic relationships of uncommon and threatened elasmobranchs in the western Mediterranean Sea (Supplement). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 539:225-240. (Ref. 106518) Duffy, C.A.J. and S.T. Ahyong0 Annotated checklist of the marine flora and fauna of the Kermadec Islands Marine Reserve and northern Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand. Bulletin of the Auckland Museum 20:19-124. (Ref. 106682) Cheung, W.L., R. Watson and D. Pauly0 Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch. Nature 497:365-368. (Ref. 107945) Walls, R. and J. Guallart0 <i>Dalatias licha</i>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T6229A489483357. Downloaded on 28 September 2015. (Ref. 108934) da Silva, H.M.0 Growth and reproduction of kitefin shark <i>Dalatias licha</i> (Bonn, 1788) in Azorean waters. Demersal Fish Committee. ICES C.M. 1988?G21. 9 p. (Ref. 108936) Papaconstantinou, C.0 Fauna Graeciae. An updated checklist of the fishes in the Hellenic seas. Monagraphs on Marine Sciences 7 (Ref. 113897) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Güven, O., T. Kebapçioglu and M.C. Deval0 Length-weight relationships of sharks in Antalya Bay, eastern Mediterranean. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 28:278-279. (Ref. 115885) Béarez, P., P. Pruvost, É. Feunteun, S. Iglésias, P. Francour, R. Causse, J. De Mazières, S. Tercerie and N. Bailly0 Checklist of the marine fishes from metropolitan France. Cybium 41(4):351-371. (Ref. 116450) Yopak, K., T.J. Lisney, S.P. Collin and J.C. Montgomery0 Variation in brain organization and cerebellar foliation in Chondrichthyans: sharks and holocephalans. Brain Behav. Evol. 69:280-300. (Ref. 117392) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Froese, R.0 Personal communication. (Table sent by the author). (Ref. 118592) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Finucci, B.0 Ecology of New Zealand deep-sea Chondrichthyans. Victoria University of Wellington: Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Biology, 297 p. (Ref. 122636) Sutton, T.T., P.A. Hulley, R. Wienerroither, D. Zaera-Perez and J.R. Paxton0 Identification guide to the mesopelagic fishes of the central and south east Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Rome: FAO, xvi+327 p. (Ref. 123424) Capapé, C., F. Hemida, J.-P. Quignard, M.M.B. Amor and C. Reynaud0 Biological observations on a rare deep-sea shark, <i>Dalatias licha</i> (Chondrichthyes: Dalatiidae), off the Maghreb coast south-western Mediterranean). Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences 3(3):355-360. (Ref. 123699) Falsone, F., M.L. Geraci, D. Scanella, V. Gancitano, F. Di Maio, G. Sardo, F. Quattrocchi and S. Vitale0 Length-weight relationships of 52 species from the South of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea). Fishes 7(92). (Ref. 126095) Fermon, Y., N. Bailly, F. Cardiec, R. Causse, E. Chartrain, L. Chirio, G. De Bruyne, P. Deynat, C.D. Hopkins, A. Lamboj, M.I. Mennesson, J.-H. Mve Beh, D. Paugy, B. Sidlauskas, J.P. Sullivan, J.-P. Van de Weghe, T.R. Vigliotta and Van der Zee0 An annotated checklist of the fishes of Gabon. Cybium 46(2-3):69-317. (Ref. 127434) Pajuelo, J.G., J. Seoane, M. Biscoito, M. Freitas and J.A. González0 Assemblages of deep-sea fishes on the middle slope off Northwest Africa (26°-33° N, eastern Atlantic). Deep-Sea Research I, 118(2016):66-83. (Ref. 128029) FB-pic-669-3717 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-16 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=669 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dalic_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Dalic_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2023-02-06 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=669 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Found on outer continental and insular shelves and slopes (Ref. 247). Mainly found on or near the bottom but readily occurs well off the substrate (Ref. 247, 58302). Often pelagic (Ref. 58302). Found singly or in small schools (Ref. 6871). Feeds mainly on deepwater bony fish, but also skates, other sharks (etmopterids in Ref. 123656), cephalopods and crustaceans (Ref. 5578). This bioluminescent shark (currently the largest luminous vertebrate) emit light ventrally to counterilluminate which might be used to illuminate the ocean floor while searching/hunting for prey; or to stealthily approach prey, using counterillumination camouflage, before striking fast when it is close enough (Ref. 123656). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205), with 10-20 young born at 30-42 cm (Ref. 26346). Used for its squalene liver oil, leather and meat, as well as for fishmeal (Ref. 6871). Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) FB-DiagnosticDescr-669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-05-27 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=669 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Moderately sized, short- and blunt-snouted shark with two almost equal-sized dorsal fins; papillose thick lips; small slender-cusped upper teeth and very large lower teeth with erect triangular serrated cusps and distal blades; first dorsal fin on back with its origin behind the pectoral rear tips and its base closer to the pectoral base than the pelvic fins; and caudal fin with the ventral lobe not expanded (Ref. 247). Dark grey-brown to black; trailing edges of fins translucent (Ref. 26346). Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) FB-Morphology-669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-05-27 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=669 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0 Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) FB-Distribution-669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-09-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=669 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Circumglobal: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean. Goren, M. and B.S. Galil 2015 A checklist of the deep sea fishes of the Levant Sea, Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 3994(4):507-530. (Ref. 104125) FB-Uses-669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2023-02-06 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=669 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) FB-LifeCycle-669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2023-02-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=669&StockCode=685 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Ovoviviparous (Ref. 247). 10-20 young born at 30-42 cm (Ref. 26346); 10-16 young born at 30 cm TL (Ref.58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) FB-TrophicStrategy-669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-06-26 00:00:00 2023-02-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public licha http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Found on the continental shelf and slope (Refs. 75154, 247). Mainly found on or near the bottom but readily occurs well off the substrate (Ref. 247, 58302). Often pelagic (Ref. 58302). Found singly or in small schools (Ref. 6871). Feeds mainly on deepwater bony fish, but also skates, other sharks (etmopterids in Ref. 123656), cephalopods and crustaceans (Refs. 5578, 568). This bioluminiscent shark (currently the largest luminous vertebrate) emit light ventrally to counterilluminate which might be used to illuminate the ocean floor while searching/hunting for prey; or to stealthily approach prey, using counterillumination camouflage, before striking fast when it is close enough (Ref. 123656). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205), with 10-20 young born at 30-42 cm (Ref. 26346). Wetherbee, B.M., S.H. Gruber and E. Cortes 1990 Diet, feeding habits, digestion, and consumption in sharks, with special reference to the lemon shark, <i>Negaprion brevirostris</i>. p. 29-47. In H.L. Pratt, Jr., S.H. Gruber and T. Taniuchi (eds.) Elasmobranchs as living resources: advances in the biology, ecology, systematics, and the status of the fisheries. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 90. 517 p. (Ref. 568) FB-Size-669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2023-02-06 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=669 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 182 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 10717)) Springer, S. 1990 Squalidae. p. 7-19. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 10717) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2023-02-06 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=669 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription bathydemersal; marine; depth range 37 - 1800 m (Ref. 247), usually 300 - 600 m (Ref. 247) Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)