FB-70233 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=70233 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Garra Garra centrala Nguyen, Vu & Nguyen, 2015 2023-07-13 2023-07-13 Vranken, N., M. Van Steenberge, M. Mbalassa and J. Snoeks0 Just below the surface, the pelagic haplochromine cichlids from the Lake Edward system. Hydrobiologia 850:3173-3195. (Ref. 128938) FB-GeneralDescr-70242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2023-07-13 00:00:00 2023-07-14 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=70242 Abundant in the upper water layers of deepwater regions (Ref. 128938). It feeds on chaoborids and winged ants; most probably an insectivorous species that catches aquatic and terrestrial insects from the water surface (Ref. 128938). Vranken, N., M. Van Steenberge, M. Mbalassa and J. Snoeks 2023 Just below the surface, the pelagic haplochromine cichlids from the Lake Edward system. Hydrobiologia 850:3173-3195. (Ref. 128938) FB-DiagnosticDescr-70242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2023-07-13 00:00:00 2023-07-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=70242 Diagnosis: Haplochromis aureus is a species with an acute snout; acutely pointed oral teeth; very broad interorbital area, interorbital width 56.8-66.6% of head width; very short predorsal distance, predorsal distance 31.7-34.4% of standard length; dominant males light blue with yellow snout, cheeks, and chest (Ref. 128938). Small specimens can be mistaken for Haplochromis pappenheimi or H. pelagicus, but differ from both by a deeper body, body depth 30.7-33.5% of standard length vs. 25.4-31.0%; longer upper jaw, upper jaw length 29.3-35.6% of head length vs. 26.5-29.4%; fewer gill rakers, 12-14 vs. 13-18 (Ref. 128938). It resembles H. mentatus in habitus and overlaps slightly in habitat (H. mentatus mostly restricted to littoral regions), differs by a shorter lower jaw, lower jaw length 41.1-46.4% of head length vs. 43.9-51.0%; more and smaller upper outer teeth, upper outer teeth 48-65 vs. 28-46, and dominant males light blue with yellow cheeks and chest vs. uniformly yellow-green with red flanks (Ref. 128938).Description: Body oval and shallow; caudal peduncle shallow (Ref. 128938). Head short and narrow with a straight to very weakly convex dorsal outline; snout acute in lateral view with an inclination of 32-37°, and acute in dorsal view; eye average in size; interorbital area very broad; lacrimal deep; cheek shallow; oral jaws average in length, narrow, relatively slim, and with a gentle gape inclination of 26-31°; maxilla extends to vertical through anterior margin of orbit; lips thin (Ref. 128938). Outer oral teeth many, average in size, not embedded in oral mucosa; necks slender, cylindrical, and straight; crowns weakly recurved, acutely pointed, bicuspid with some uni- and tricuspid teeth in small specimens less than 90 mm standard length, unicuspid teeth in large specimens larger than 90 mm standard length; bicuspid teeth acutely pointed and with a protracted major cusp with a very small flange, a small and rounded minor cusp that points straight up, and a narrow cusp gap; dental arcades rounded; outer teeth closely and regularly set with neck-distances of 1/2 neck-width; outer teeth decrease slightly and gradually in size posteriorly; 2-7 posteriormost premaxillary outer teeth small and uni- or tricuspid in small specimens less than 90 mm standard length, unicuspid in large specimens larger than 90 mm standard length; inner teeth small, recurved, uni- or tricuspid, and acutely pointed; tooth bands very slander crescent-shaped with 2-3 rows of inner teeth, narrowing posteriorly until only outer row remains past 3/4 length of tooth band; inner rows closely and regularly set on 1 neck-width from outer row in both jaws, implantation erect; anteriormost teeth in first row slightly larger than remaining (Ref. 128938). Lower pharyngeal bone short, average in width, slim, and shallow over entire length; pharyngeal teeth, very slender, and recurved; major cusps acutely pointed; minor cusp gap straight; minor cusps very small; cusp protuberances very small to absent; teeth in two median longitudinal rows equal in size and form to lateral teeth, about 11-12 in each row; posterior transverse row with 22-25 teeth with a weakly recumbent implantation; major cusp bluntly pointed; minor cusp gap straight to concave; minor cusp very small to absent (Ref. 128938). Chest scales generalised, transition to flank scales gradual; minute scales on proximal half of caudal fin; very rarely 1-3 rows of 3-7 minute scales on proximal parts of dorsal and anal fins; longitudinal line scales 32-34; upper lateral line scales 20-23, lower lateral line scales 8-14; upper transverse line scales 5-6, lower transversal line scales 10-12; caudal peduncle scales 16-19; pelvic-pectoral scales 3-6 (Ref. 128938). Caudal fin truncate; dorsal and anal fins reach to vertical through 1-3 scales anterior to caudal-fin base; pectoral fin reaches to between just anterior to anal opening and first anal fin spine; pelvic fin reaches to anal opening, in dominant males to first anal fin spine; first branched pelvic-fin ray slightly elongated, in dominant males elongated (Ref. 128938). Ceratobranchial gill rakers in outer row of first gill arch closely set, acutely pointed, slender, and simple; posteriormost rakers simple, anvil-shaped, or weakly bifid; epibranchial gill rakers slender and simple (Ref. 128938).Colouration: Live colouration of dominant males: body light blue; flank mostly with 5-6 vertical stripes; snout, lips, cheek, and chest yellow; belly white; dorsum greenish; nape band faint; lacrimal, vertical preopercular, and supraorbital stripes very faint; eye dark with silver to golden inner ring; pectoral fin hyaline; pelvic fin black; dorsal fin dusky with black lappets and crimson maculations in posterior part; anal fin dusky with crimson distal part and 2-3 large, twice distance between fin rays, orange egg spots with dusky borders; caudal fin dusky with crimson posteroventral part and faint black maculations in dorsal part (Ref. 128938). Live colouration of females and juveniles: dorsal parts of body and head, lacrimal, and lips dark green; ventral parts of body and head white; transition gradual; flank mostly with 5-6 vertical stripes; nape band faint; lacrimal, vertical preopercular, and supraorbital stripes very faint; eye dark with silver to yellow inner ring; pectoral and anal fins hyaline, anal fin with yellow sheen and 1-2 faint spots resembling egg spots; dorsal fin hyaline to dusky, caudal fin dusky with maculation in dorsal part, pelvic fin yellow (Ref. 128938). Preserved colouration: in all specimens, dorsal parts of body and head brown, ventral part of body, operculum, and cheek white; transition rather abrupt at horizontal through lower lateral line; lacrimal, snout and lips dusky; flank often with 5-6 vertical stripes, sometimes with faint mid-lateral and dorsal-lateral bands; lacrimal, supraorbital, and vertical preopercular stripes faint; nostril and interorbital stripes very faint; mental blotch present; pectoral fin hyaline; dorsal fin dusky and with black lappets and black maculations in posterior part; caudal fin dusky; in dominant males branchiostegal membrane black; pelvic fin black; anal fin dusky and with 2-3 large egg spots; in juveniles and females brachiostegal membrane light-coloured; pelvic fin hyaline; anal fin hyaline to faint dusky (Ref. 128938). Vranken, N., M. Van Steenberge, M. Mbalassa and J. Snoeks 2023 Just below the surface, the pelagic haplochromine cichlids from the Lake Edward system. Hydrobiologia 850:3173-3195. (Ref. 128938) FB-Morphology-70242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2023-07-13 00:00:00 2023-07-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=70242 Dorsal spines (total): 14 - 16; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 - 10; Vertebrae: 30 - 31 Vranken, N., M. Van Steenberge, M. Mbalassa and J. Snoeks 2023 Just below the surface, the pelagic haplochromine cichlids from the Lake Edward system. Hydrobiologia 850:3173-3195. (Ref. 128938) FB-Distribution-70242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2023-07-13 00:00:00 2024-06-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=70242 Africa: Lake Edward. Vranken, N., M. Van Steenberge, M. Mbalassa and J. Snoeks 2023 Just below the surface, the pelagic haplochromine cichlids from the Lake Edward system. Hydrobiologia 850:3173-3195. (Ref. 128938) FB-TrophicStrategy-70242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2023-07-14 00:00:00 2023-07-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ aureus Abundant in the upper water layers of deepwater regions (Ref. 128938). Vranken, N., M. Van Steenberge, M. Mbalassa and J. Snoeks 2023 Just below the surface, the pelagic haplochromine cichlids from the Lake Edward system. Hydrobiologia 850:3173-3195. (Ref. 128938) FB-Size-70242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2023-07-13 00:00:00 2023-07-14 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=70242 11.7 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 128938)) Vranken, N., M. Van Steenberge, M. Mbalassa and J. Snoeks 2023 Just below the surface, the pelagic haplochromine cichlids from the Lake Edward system. Hydrobiologia 850:3173-3195. (Ref. 128938) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-70242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2023-07-13 00:00:00 2023-07-14 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=70242 pelagic; freshwater