FB-7372 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Plectropomus Plectropomus laevis (Lacepède, 1801) Katuu l'tiau Katuultiau Katuu'tiau Mokas Tiau Garoupa selada Swartsaal-luiperdkabeljou لُؤزمُسْرَج Blacksaddle coralgrouper Black-saddled coral trout Blacksaddled coralgrouper Blacksaddled coraltrout Black-saddled leopard grouper Black-saddled leopardgrouper Bluespot trout Bluespotted coral trout Chinese footballer Coral trout Footballer cod Footballer coral trout Footballer trout Giant coral trout Giant coralgrouper Giant coraltrout Grouper Oceanic coral trout Oceanic trout Saddleback coralgrouper Saddleback grouper Tiger trout Sadul-korallkoha Sadul-laikahven donu Babone Babone royale Babonne Loche saumonée Mérou sellé Saumonée tigre Saumonnée Kokuhan-ara Jawe Joweme Kerapu Kerapu bara Kerapu-sunoh pelana Sunoh Sunuk Wayeer Chewa Mzungu Tonu Lapu-lapu Mero ensillado Atara Babonne Baghak Chiladjimou Chilajimu Karamalabo Lapu-lapu Mzoussi Okke makuri Saint sillac Sheosheol taiyaaw Sunong-kabang Sunu bantoel Tawiya Thilaakolhu faana Vieille saint-sillac 横斑刺鳃鮨 橫斑刺鰓鮨 皇帝星 皇帝星斑 石斑 豹星 过鱼 雜星 鲙 黑鞍鰓棘鱸 黑鞍鳃棘鲈 黑鰓棘鱸 黑鳃棘鲈 Bodianus cyclostomus Lacepède, 1802 Bodianus melanoleucos Lacepède, 1802 Bodianus melanoleucus Lacepède, 1802 Labrus laevis Lacepède, 1801 Paracanthistius maculatus (non Bloch, 1790) Paracanthistius melanoleucus (Lacepède, 1802) Plectropoma maculatum (non Bloch, 1790) Plectropoma maculatum var. A Playfair, 1867 Plectropoma maculatum var. B Playfair, 1867 Plectropoma maculatum var. C Playfair, 1867 Plectropoma melanoleucum (Lacepède, 1802) Plectropomous laevis (Lacepède, 1801) Plectropomus leopardus (non Lacepède, 1802) Plectropomus maculatum melanoleucum (Lacepède, 1802) Plectropomus maculatus (non Bloch, 1790) Plectropomus melanoleucus (Lacepède, 1802) 1993-02-12 2001-10-25 Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Rau, N. and A. Rau0 Commercial marine fishes of the Central Philippines (bony fish). German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Germany. 623 pp. (Ref. 393) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. 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(Ref. 104756) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi0 Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi. http://term.eki.ee/termbase/view/7351963/ (Ref. 105574) Stein, A.0 La pêche côtière aux Australes. p. 215-225 Salvat, B.; Bambridge, T.; Tanret, D.; Petit, J. 2015 Environnement marin des îles Australes, Polynésie française. Institut Récifs Coralliens Pacifique, CRIOBE et The Pew Charitable Trusts Polynésie française. Polynésie française, Tahiti, p. 342. (Ref. 108064) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Nacorda, H.M.E., R.M. Dizon, L.A.B. Meñez, C.L. Nañola Jr., P.B.L. Roa-Chio, D.O. De Jesus, H.B. Hernandez, F.T.R. Quimpo, W.R.Y. Licuanan, P.M. Aliño and C.L. Villanoy0 Beneath 50 m of NW Pacific water: coral reefs on the Benham Bank Seamount off the Philippine Sea. J. Environ. Sci. Mgmt. 20(2):110-121. (Ref. 116796) Currey, L.M., C. Simpfendorfer and A.J. Williams0 Resilience of reef fish species on the Great Barrier Reef and in Torres Strait. Project Milestone Report to the Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility. Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited, Cairns. 32 p. (Ref. 116899) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) SCRFA, Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations0 SCRFA database. Web online database. https://www.scrfa.org/database/: SCRFA. [2013-onwards]. (Ref. 118580) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82. In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds). A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) University of Western Australia0 Pelagic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 121799) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) Qiu, S., B. Chen, J. Du, K.-H. Loh, J. Liao, X. Liu and W. Yang0 Checklist of the coral fish fauna of Xisha Islands, China. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e63945. (Ref. 123833) van der Elst, Rudy, Simon Chater and Dennis King0 Fishes from Bassas Da India Atoll in the Mozambique Channel. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 629. (Ref. 124899) Lai, N.-W.0 Hong Kong market marine fish. Original title: 香港街市海魚圖鑑. Hua Qianshu Publishing Co., Ltd., p. 440. (Ref. 129440) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Petit-Marty, N., M. Vázquez-Luis and I.E. Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103) FB-pic-7372-2315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-09 2010-07-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pllae_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pllae_u0.jpg FB-pic-7372-2316 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-09 1999-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pllae_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pllae_u1.jpg FB-pic-7372-11492 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-07-05 1996-07-05 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pllae_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Pllae_u0.gif FB-pic-7372-11493 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-07-05 1996-07-05 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pllae_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Pllae_u1.gif FB-pic-7372-18394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-10-19 1999-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pllae_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pllae_u2.jpg FB-pic-7372-18395 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-10-19 1999-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pllae_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pllae_u3.jpg FB-pic-7372-18396 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-10-19 1999-06-22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pllae_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pllae_u4.jpg FB-pic-7372-18397 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-10-19 1999-06-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pllae_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pllae_u5.jpg FB-pic-7372-18398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-10-19 2000-11-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pllae_u6.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pllae_u6.jpg Locality: Half Mile Pass, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. FB-GeneralDescr-7372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1993-02-12 00:00:00 2001-10-25 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat A voracious piscivore inhabiting coral-rich areas of lagoon and seaward reefs. Encountered most frequently in channels and outer shelf reefs. Migrate over short distances to spawn, forming large aggregations, maybe 1 or 2 per reef (Ref. 6390). Feeds mostly on fishes, and occasionally on crustaceans (Ref. 9710). The prey comprises a variety of large reef fishes, including groupers, and this diet of large fishes is responsible for the high concentrations of ciguatera toxins. Juveniles may mimic the pufferfish Canthigaster valentini. Usually wary (Ref. 9710). The young have a demersal existence in shallow water in reef habitats, especially around coral rubble (Ref. 27259). They feed on small fish and invertebrates such as crustaceans and squid (Ref. 27261). Eggs float just below the surface (Ref. 6390). The pelagic larvae are found in habitats similar to those of the adults (Ref. 27260). An excellent table fish (Ref. 6390). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-7372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-21 00:00:00 2013-10-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Description: Characterized by having two distinct color varieties, first is pale black-saddled form is whitish or pale yellowish with 5 dark brown to black, irregular, saddle like or wedge shaped bars or blotches on the dorsal part of head and body, 1st just behind the eyes, 2nd on the nape and 3rd to 5th under the dorsal fin; small dark-edged blue spots may be visible on the body; yellow colored fins, caudal peduncle, snout and jaws; black blotch centrally at the base of the paired fins; dark form is brown, olivaceous, red or nearly black, dark bars are usually faint or absent; numerous round, dark-edged blue spots on head and body, soft dorsal, caudal and anal fins and base of pectoral fins; pectoral fins dark brown distally, rays darker than membranes, rear edge white; flat interorbital area without scales; broadly rounded preopercle, with 3 large, ventrally directed spines along lower half; smooth interopercle and subopercle; opercle with 3 flat spines, upper and lower spines covered by skin; subequal in size, posterior and anterior nostrils, set in shallow groove running forward from eye; front of jaws with pair of large canine teeth (Ref. 89707); 1-4 large canines on side of lower jaw; elongate body, greatest depth 2.9-3.9 in SL; slightly emarginate caudal fin; pectoral and pelvic fins 2.1-2.5 in head length (Ref. 90102). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Morphology-7372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-21 00:00:00 2013-10-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 Dorsal spines (total): 7 - 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 12; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Distribution-7372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1993-02-12 00:00:00 2020-01-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Indo-Pacific: Kenya to Delagoa Bay, Mozambique, eastward to the Tuamoto Islands, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland, Australia and including most islands of the Indian Ocean and of western and central Pacific. Unknown in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Misidentified as Plectropomus maculatus by some authors (Ref. 6448, 6892). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-7372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1993-02-12 00:00:00 2001-10-25 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390) FB-TrophicStrategy-7372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1998-09-25 00:00:00 2008-11-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public laevis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Inhabits coral reefs in the Indo-West Pacific Region (Ref. 9137). Found inshore (Ref. 75154). Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390) FB-Size-7372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1993-02-12 00:00:00 2001-10-25 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription 125 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 30573)); max. published weight: 24.2 kg (Ref. 40637) Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers 1996 FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p. (Ref. 30573) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-7372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1993-02-12 00:00:00 2001-10-25 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution reef-associated; marine; depth range 4 - 100 m (Ref. 6390) Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390)