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	<dc:identifier>FB-7572</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7572</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Pleuronectiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Achiridae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Achirus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Achirus achirus (Linnaeus, 1758)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Chula</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Linguado</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Linguado-lixa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Soia</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Solha</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Solha verdadeira</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Tapa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Zwergsüßwasserflunder</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Drab sole</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Viidakkoantura</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Sole</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Sole sombre</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Arrevés</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Lenguado</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Panga raya</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Panga raya redondeada</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Suela lucia</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Alumaïa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Sol</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>无臂鳎</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>無臂鰨</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Achirus maculipinnis gunteri Chabanaud, 1940</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Monochir punctifer Castelnau, 1855</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Monochirus lineatus Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1824</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Pleuronectes achirus Linnaeus, 1758</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1993-03-05</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-07-04</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=400&amp;speccode=7572'>Mendes dos Santos, G.M.C., M. Jégu and B. de Merona0 Catálogo de peixes comerciais do baixo rio Tocantins. Projecto Tucurí. Manaus, ELETRONORTE/CNPQ/INPA 83p. (Ref. 400)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1652&amp;speccode=7572'>Linnaeus, C.0 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordinus, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 824 p. (Ref. 1652)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=7572'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5217&amp;speccode=7572'>Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez0 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6329&amp;speccode=7572'>Ortega, H. and R.P. Vari0 Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Peru. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (437):1-25. (Ref. 6329)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9235&amp;speccode=7572'>Tello, S. and H. Sánchez0 To be filled. Unpublished. (Ref. 9235)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12468&amp;speccode=7572'>Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien Atlas. Band 4. Mergus Verlag GmbH, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Melle, Germany. 864 p. (Ref. 12468)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12965&amp;speccode=7572'>Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. Eschmeyer's PISCES database as published on the Internet in June 1997, URL: gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 12965)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13357&amp;speccode=7572'>Lessa, R. and Z. Almeida0 Analysis of stomach contents of the smalltail shark &lt;i&gt;Carcharhinus porosus&lt;/i&gt; from northern Brazil. Cybium 21(2):123-133. (Ref. 13357)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27233&amp;speccode=7572'>Boujard, T.0 Space-time organization of riverine fish communities in French Guiana. Environ. Biol. Fishes 34(3):235-246. (Ref. 27233)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31402&amp;speccode=7572'>Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=7572'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=7572'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33407&amp;speccode=7572'>Ramjohn, D.D.0 Checklist of coastal and marine fishes of Trinidad and Tobago. Marine Fishery Analysis Unit, Fisheries Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Trinidad and Tobago. Fisheries Information Series 8, 151 p. (Ref. 33407)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2-86515-117-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35237&amp;speccode=7572'>Keith, P., P.-Y. Le Bail and P. Planquette0 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 2, Fascicule I: Batrachoidiformes, Mugiliformes, Beloniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Synbranchiformes, Perciformes, Pleuronectiformes, Tetraodontiformes. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 43(I): 286p. Paris: Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. (Ref. 35237)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35508&amp;speccode=7572'>Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36453&amp;speccode=7572'>Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes0 Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil. 116 p. (Ref. 36453)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-12-093156-7.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36739&amp;speccode=7572'>Berra, T.0 Freshwater fish distribution. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA. 604 p. (Ref. 36739)</reference>
	<reference isbn='85-7430-361-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36798&amp;speccode=7572'>Ramos, R.T.C.0 Achiridae (American soles). p. 666-669. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36798)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38265&amp;speccode=7572'>Nomura, H.0 Dicionário dos peixes do Brasil. Brasília: Editerra. 482p. (Ref. 38265)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=7572'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41261&amp;speccode=7572'>Desoutter, M., F. Chapleau, T.A. Munroe, B. Chanet and M. Beaunier0 Catalogue critique des types de poissons du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Ordre des Pleuronectiformes. Cybium 25(4):299-368. (Ref. 41261)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=7572'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51086&amp;speccode=7572'>Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086)</reference>
	<reference isbn='92-5-104827-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51483&amp;speccode=7572'>Munroe, T.A.0 Achiridae. American soles. p. 1925-1933. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. (Ref. 51483)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-881173-76-3' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51849&amp;speccode=7572'>Lasso, C.A., O.M. Lasso-Alcalá, A. Pombo and M. Smith0 Distribution of fish species among localities during the AquaRAP survey of the Gulf of Paria and Orinoco delta, Venezuela. p. 315-319. In Rapid assessment of the biodeiversity and social aspects of the aquatic ecosystems of the Orinoco delta and the Gulf of Paria, Venezuela. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 37. Conservation International. Washington DC, USA. 360p. (Ref. 51849)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=7572'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75549&amp;speccode=7572'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=80009&amp;speccode=7572'>Joyeux, J.-C., T. Giarrizzo, R.M. Macieira, H.L. Spach and T. Vaske Jr.0 Length-weight relationships for Brazilian estaurine fishes along a latitudinal gradient. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 24(1):1-6. (Ref. 80009)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=80860&amp;speccode=7572'>Menezes, N.A., P.A. Buckup, J.L. Figueiredo and R.L. Moura0 Catálogo das espécies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. São Paulo. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 160 pp. (Ref. 80860)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=7572'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=7572'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=7572'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=7572'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101194&amp;speccode=7572'>Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350.  In  Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105080&amp;speccode=7572'>Ferraz, D. and T. Giarrizzo0 Weight-length and length-length relationships for 37 demersal fish species from the Marapanim River, northeastern coast of Pará State, Brazil. Biota Amazônia 5(3):78-82. (Ref. 105080)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=7572'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118272&amp;speccode=7572'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=131022&amp;speccode=7572'>Rodriguez, A., K. Mendoza and J. Paramo0 Length-weight relationships and relative condition factor of 53 species of shallow-Water fish in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 2023(6632464):1-10. (Ref. 131022)</reference><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Liza Q. Agustin</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1993-03-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-07-04 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Adults occur in the littoral zone, down to 20 m depth, and on all sandy-muddy bottoms of estuaries, rivers and coastal streams where it penetrates far enough sometimes.  They hide completely in the sediment, leaving out its eyes, in order to look out for predators and prey.  Feed on small crustaceans and fish.  Reproduction is like to occur between July and September (Ref. 35237).  Maximum length reported to reach 37 cm TL (Ref. 5217).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5217&amp;speccode=7572'>Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez 1992 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Western Central Atlantic:  from the Gulf of Paria to the mouth of the Amazon river.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='92-5-104827-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51483&amp;speccode=7572'>Munroe, T.A. 2003 Achiridae. American soles. p. 1925-1933. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. (Ref. 51483)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: commercial; aquarium: public aquariums</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9235&amp;speccode=7572'>Tello, S. and H. Sánchez 1995 To be filled. Unpublished. (Ref. 9235)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Liza Q. Agustin</agent>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder> FAO</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7572</dc:source>
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	<dc:description>Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous.  Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-12-093156-7.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36739&amp;speccode=7572'>Berra, T. 2001 Freshwater fish distribution. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA. 604 p. (Ref. 36739)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>37.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 51483)); max. published weight: 1,000 g (Ref. 5217)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='92-5-104827-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51483&amp;speccode=7572'>Munroe, T.A. 2003 Achiridae. American soles. p. 1925-1933. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. (Ref. 51483)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5217&amp;speccode=7572'>Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez 1992 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>demersal; amphidromous (Ref. 36739); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 20 m (Ref. 51483)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-12-093156-7.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36739&amp;speccode=7572'>Berra, T. 2001 Freshwater fish distribution. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA. 604 p. (Ref. 36739)</reference>
	<reference isbn='92-5-104827-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51483&amp;speccode=7572'>Munroe, T.A. 2003 Achiridae. American soles. p. 1925-1933. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. (Ref. 51483)</reference></dataObject>
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