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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-80</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=80</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Gonorynchiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Chanidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Chanos</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Chanos chanos (Fabricius, 1775)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='no'>Melkfisk</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Awa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Buetil</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Aol</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Chaol</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Chaol kereker</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Mesekelat</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fa'>Khameh Mahi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fa'>Khameh-mahi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pl'>Chanos</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Peite-leite</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Peixe-leite</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='af'>Melkvis</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Aifa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Bunji</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Nemer</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Salmani</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Sheem</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Banglus</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bangrus</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bangus</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Banlus</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Chanos stříbřitý</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ch'>Ågua</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Mælkefisk</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Milchfisch</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Bangos</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Bony salmon</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Giant herring</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Milk fish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Milkfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Milk-fish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Moreton Bay salmon</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Salmon herring</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>White mullet</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Piimkala</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fj'>Pa' a pa' a</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fj'>Yawa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Maitokala</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Chanidé</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Chano</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Chanos</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Lubine</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Poisson lait</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Poisson-lait</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Thon</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Awa 'aua</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Awa kalamoho</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Pua awa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='he'>אכנס כסוף</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bangros</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='it'>Cefalone</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='jv'>Bandeng</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Sabahii</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='kn'>Hoomeenu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='kn'>Hoo-meenu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='kn'>Humeen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='kn'>ಹುಮೇನ್</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='kn'>ಹುಮೇನ್ </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='kn'>ಹೂಮೇನು  </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ko'>갯농어</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mh'>Pelio</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>Poomeen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>പൂമീന്</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Bagas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Bandang</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Bandeng</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Bangus</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Belanak sembawa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Jangas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Pisang-pisang</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mg'>Sandry</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mg'>Vango</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Khanos</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>ханос</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Ханос (=молочная рыба)</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sm'>Ava</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sm'>Avali'i</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='so'>Ilweyn</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sw'>Mwatiko</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sv'>Mjölkfisk</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ty'>Ava</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ty'>Omaa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ty'>Oma'a</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ty'>Tamano</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>Palai-meen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>Pal-kendai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>Palmeen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>Thullu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>Tulucandul</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>Tulu-candul</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>துலு</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>துலு கண்டல்</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>துலு கண்டல் </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>துலு காந்துள்</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>துள்ளு</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>பால் கெண்டை</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>பால் கென்‍டை</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>பால் மீன்</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>பால்மீன்</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>பால்மீன்  </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>பாலை மீன்</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>பாளை மீன்</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>Pallabontha</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>Polah-bontah</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>పల్లబొంతా   </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>పూమీన్</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>పూలా బొంతా  </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>పూలా బొంతా   </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Banglis</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Banglos</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Bangos</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Bangris</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Bangus</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Garongin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Kakawag</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Kawag-kawag</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Lumulokso</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Sabalo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='th'>Pla dok mai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='th'>Pla nuan chan tha la</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='th'>Pla nuan chan tha-lay</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='th'>Pla sa lin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='th'>Pla thu nam jeud</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='th'>Pla thu nam jued</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='th'>ปลาทูน้ำจืด</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='th'>ปลานวลจันทร์ทะเล</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='th'>ปลาซะลิน</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='th'>ปลาดอกไม้</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='vi'>Cá Máng</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='vi'>Cá Măng biển</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Chano</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Lisa montañera</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Sábalo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Sabalote</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Auta</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ava</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ava uta</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Awa-awa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Awátai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bagus</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Balayongan</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Banato</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bandong</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bandeng</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ba'neawa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bangilis</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Banglis</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Banglos</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Banglot</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bangos</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bangyos</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bolu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bugi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bukkariba</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Buruna</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Buto bangolos</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Buulga</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Fiamandry</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Hakuna moana</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Hakwa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Hyder's fish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ikan be'e</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kaaco</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kaayo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kodenec</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Mata momoivao</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Matafa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Mekkunu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Miikwa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Mlečnica</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Modbod</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Moles</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Mwariho</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ndrongo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Nu-haok</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Nu-hyaok</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Oaa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Pati</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Phuane</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Phwade</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Rade</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Rawa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Salmaun</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Sawa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Te awa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Te awatai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Te baneawa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Te bukimanai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Te'efō</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Trey nuan chan</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Vaikkaya</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Vango</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Waawa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Yauta</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>安平鱼</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>海草鱼</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>牛奶魚</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>虱目魚</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>虱目鱼</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>虱目鱼(遮目鱼)</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>虱麻鱼</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>遮目魚</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>遮目鱼</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>麻虱目</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>麻蝨目</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Butirinus argenteus Jerdon, 1849</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Butirinus maderaspatensis Jerdon, 1849</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Channo chanos (Fabricius, 1775)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Chanos arabicus Lacepède, 1803</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Chanos chloropterus Valenciennes, 1847</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Chanos cyprinella Valenciennes, 1847</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Chanos gardineri Regan, 1902</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Chanos indicus (van Hasselt, 1823)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Chanos lubina Valenciennes, 1847</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Chanos mento Valenciennes, 1847</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Chanos mossambicus (Peters, 1852)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Chanos nuchalis Valenciennes, 1847</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Chanos orientalis Valenciennes, 1847</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Chanos salmoneus (Forster, 1801)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Chanos salmonoides (Forster, 1801)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Chanos salmonoides Günther, 1879</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyprinus pala Cuvier, 1829</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyprinus palah Cuvier, 1829</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyprinus tolo Cuvier, 1829</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Leuciscus palah (Cuvier, 1829)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Leuciscus salmoneus (Forster, 1801)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Leuciscus zeylonicus Bennett, 1833</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Lutodeira chanos (Fabricius, 1775)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Lutodeira chloropterus (Valenciennes, 1847)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Lutodeira indica van Hasselt, 1823</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Lutodeira mossambica Peters, 1852</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Lutodeira mossambicus Peters, 1852</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Lutodeira salmonea (Forster, 1801)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Lutodira elongata Peters, 1859</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Mugil chanos Fabricius, 1775</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Mugil salmoneus Forster, 1801</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Mugile chani Fabricius, 1775</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-15</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=49&amp;speccode=80'>Schuster, W.H.0 Synopsis of biological data on milkfish &lt;i&gt;Chanos chanos&lt;/i&gt; (Forsskål), 1775. FAO Fish. Biol. Synop. (4):pag. var. (Ref. 49)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=63&amp;speccode=80'>ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom, 15-18 August 1983, La Jolla, California. Spec. Publ. Am. Soc. Ichthyol. Herpetol. 1:ix, 760 p. (Ref. 63)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117228&amp;speccode=80'>White, W.T., P.R. Last, Dharmadi, R. Faizah, U. Chodrijah, B.I. Prisantoso, J.J. Pogonoski, M. Puckridge and S.J.M. Blaber0 Market fishes of Indonesia (= Jenis-jenis ikan di Indonesia). ACIAR Monograph No. 155. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research: Canberra, 438 p. (Ref. 117228)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118272&amp;speccode=80'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118625&amp;speccode=80'>Mutia, M.T.M., M.P. Gardon, C.M. Faminialagao and M.C. Muyot0 Stock assessment of Taal Lake. National Fisheries Research and Development Institute Year-End Review and Evaluation. November 8-10, 2017. (Ref. 118625)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118628&amp;speccode=80'>Palomares, M.L.D., R. Froese, B. Derrick, S.-L. Nöel, G. Tsui, J. Woroniak and D. Pauly0 A preliminary global assessment of the status of exploited marine fish and invertebrate populations. A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 64. (Ref. 118628)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118793&amp;speccode=80'>Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82.  In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds).  A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=119549&amp;speccode=80'>Halwart, M. and M.V. Gupta0 Culture of fish in rice fields. FAO and The WorldFish Center, 83 p. (Ref. 119549)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=121724&amp;speccode=80'>Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=121799&amp;speccode=80'>University of Western Australia0 Pelagic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 121799)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=122752&amp;speccode=80'>University of Western Australia0 Benthic  BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=124899&amp;speccode=80'>van der Elst, Rudy, Simon Chater and Dennis King0 Fishes from Bassas Da India Atoll in the Mozambique Channel. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 629. (Ref. 124899)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126585&amp;speccode=80'>Ern, R., D.T.T. Huong, N.V. Cong, M. Bayley and T. Wang0 Effect of salinity on oxygen consumption in fishes: a review. J. Fish Biol. 84(4):1210-1220. (Ref. 126585)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127348&amp;speccode=80'>Grove, J.S., D.J. Long, D.R. Robertson and B.C. Victor0 List of fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. J. Ocean Sci. Found. 39:14-22. (Ref. 127348)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127724&amp;speccode=80'>Swanson, C.0 Interactive effects of salinity on metabolic rate, activity, growth and osmoregulation in the euryhaline milkfish (&lt;i&gt;Chanos chanos&lt;/i&gt;). J. Expr. Biol. 201:3355-3366. (Ref. 127724)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2350-4757' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128520&amp;speccode=80'>Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=129076&amp;speccode=80'>Esmaeili, H.R. and N. Hamidan0 Inland fishes of the Arabian Peninsula: Review and a revised checklist. Zootaxa 5330(2):201-226. (Ref. 129076)</reference>
	<reference isbn='978-988-8789-21-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=129440&amp;speccode=80'>Lai, N.-W.0 Hong Kong market marine fish.  Original title: 香港街市海魚圖鑑. Hua Qianshu Publishing Co., Ltd., p. 440. (Ref. 129440)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130287&amp;speccode=80'>Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=132371&amp;speccode=80'>Tilley, Alex0 Common names of marine species in Malaita Province, Solomon Islands Personal communication [accessed 07/06/2023]. (Ref. 132371)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=80'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137658&amp;speccode=80'>Zhao, R., V.T.T. Lam, Y. Chen, J.Y.F. Sit, J. Li, K.M.Y. Leung and M. Yan0 A pilot study of fish biodiversity with a highlight of chondrichthyans in Hong Kong waters using environmental DNA metabarcoding. Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci. 86(104194):1-9. (Ref. 137658)</reference><dataObject>
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	<location>Locality: Port Sudan, Red Sea, Sudan (North).</location></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>mangrove</dc:description>
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	<dc:description>Adults are found in offshore marine waters and shallow coastal embayments, but also frequently enter estuaries and occasionally penetrate freshwater streams, along continental shelves and around islands, where temperatures are greater than 20°C.  (Ref. 44894, 52331). They occur in small to large schools near the coasts or around islands where reefs are well developed. Eggs and larvae are pelagic up to 2-3 weeks. Older larvae migrate onshore and settle in coastal wetlands (mangroves, estuaries) during the juvenile stage, or occasionally enter freshwater lakes. Juveniles and sub-adults return to sea where they mature sexually. Mature adults spawn only in fully saline water. Larvae eat zooplankton; juveniles and adults eat cyanobacteria, soft algae, small benthic invertebrates, and even pelagic fish eggs and larvae. Larvae are collected from rivers and are grown in culture ponds into juveniles which are marketed fresh, smoked, canned or frozen. Brood stocks can be raised and spawned in captivity to produce larvae in the hatchery (Ref. 12868). This species can thrive and grow in water as hot as 32° C (Ref. 9987).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9814&amp;speccode=80'>Bagarinao, T. 1994 Systematics, distribution, genetics and life history of milkfish, &lt;i&gt;Chanos chanos&lt;/i&gt;. Environ. Biol. Fishes 39(1):23-41. (Ref. 9814)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>This species is characterized by the following: body elongate and somewhat compressed; mouth small and toothless; single dorsal about mid-level of the body; pectoral fins falcate; caudal fin large and deeply forked; no scutes on belly; branchiostegal rays 4. Colour of the body olive green dorsally; flanks silvery; unpaired fins with dark margins (Ref. 49, 117228).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=49&amp;speccode=80'>Schuster, W.H. 1960 Synopsis of biological data on milkfish &lt;i&gt;Chanos chanos&lt;/i&gt; (Forsskål), 1775. FAO Fish. Biol. Synop. (4):pag. var. (Ref. 49)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 17;  Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 8 - 10; Vertebrae: 46</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=49&amp;speccode=80'>Schuster, W.H. 1960 Synopsis of biological data on milkfish &lt;i&gt;Chanos chanos&lt;/i&gt; (Forsskål), 1775. FAO Fish. Biol. Synop. (4):pag. var. (Ref. 49)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Indo-West Pacific:  South Africa to Red Sea, to  Hawaii and the Marquesas, north to Japan, south to Victoria, Australia.  Eastern Pacific:  San Pedro, California to the Galapagos.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9814&amp;speccode=80'>Bagarinao, T. 1994 Systematics, distribution, genetics and life history of milkfish, &lt;i&gt;Chanos chanos&lt;/i&gt;. Environ. Biol. Fishes 39(1):23-41. (Ref. 9814)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: usually; price category: unknown; price reliability: </dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4931&amp;speccode=80'>FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12108&amp;speccode=80'>Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12484&amp;speccode=80'>van der Elst, R. 1993 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. (3rd Ed.). Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 398 p. (Ref. 12484)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
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	<dc:description>Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous.  Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=80'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Feeds on algae as well as on zooplankton and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 11889).  Inhabits coastal waters, entering bays and estuaries.  Euryhaline.  Also found in freshwater.  Forms small shoals near the surface.  Feeds on benthic invertebrates, small crustaceans and worms (Ref. 9773).  Temperature is the prime factor responsible for limiting the habitat of the species to tropical and subtropical regions of the Indian and the Pacific Ocean. Also, susceptibility to predation limits the distribution of the species.</dc:description>
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	<dc:description>180 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710)); 124 cm SL (female); max. published weight: 14.0 kg (Ref. 9814); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref. 9814)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9814&amp;speccode=80'>Bagarinao, T. 1994 Systematics, distribution, genetics and life history of milkfish, &lt;i&gt;Chanos chanos&lt;/i&gt;. Environ. Biol. Fishes 39(1):23-41. (Ref. 9814)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>Tripartiella Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26129&amp;speccode=80'>Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-80-925</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2004-11-10 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2004-11-10 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=80&amp;StockCode=95</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Vibriosis Disease (general). Bacterial diseases</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48652&amp;speccode=80'>Leong, T.S. 1992 Diseases of brackishwater and marine fish cultured in some Asian countries. p. 223-236. &lt;i&gt;In&lt;/i&gt; M. Shariff, R.P. Subasinghe and J.R. Arthur (eds.) Proceedings of the First Symposium on Diseases in Asian Aquaculture. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 48652)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-15 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=80</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 30 m (Ref. 6898), usually ? - 15 m (Ref. 89972)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=80'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6898&amp;speccode=80'>Shao, K.-T. and P.L. Lim 1991 Fishes of freshwater and estuary. Encyclopedia of field guide in Taiwan. Recreation Press, Co., Ltd., Taipei. vol. 31. 240 p. (in Chinese). (Ref. 6898)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2-915654-09-3' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=89972&amp;speccode=80'>Bacchet, P., T. Zysman and Y. Lefèvre 2006 Guide des poissons de Tahiti et ses îles. Tahiti (Polynésie Francaise): Éditions Au Vent des Îles. 608 p. (Ref. 89972)</reference></dataObject>
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