FB-8345 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8345 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Maylandia Maylandia zebra (Boulenger, 1899) Pyszczak róznobarwny Pyszczak zebra a. malawik zebra Malawi-zebra Blue mbuna Malawi blue cichlid Zebra Malawi Cichlid Zebra mbuna Sebra-ebambuuna Triip-sebraahven Seepramalawinahven Blue sekeni Chidondolo Blue 14 Mbuna 斑馬擬麗魚 斑马拟丽鱼 Maylandia melabranchion (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997) Metriaclima melabranchion Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997 Metriaclima zebra (Boulenger, 1899) Pseudotropheus zebra (Boulenger, 1899) Tilapia zebra Boulenger, 1899 1993-08-30 2009-08-10 Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Konings, A.0 Ad Konings's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 495 p. (Ref. 5595) Maréchal, C.0 Pseudotropheus. p. 401-415. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5684) Ribbink, A.J., B.A. Marsh, A.C. Marsh, A.C. Ribbink and B.J. Sharp0 A preliminary survey of the cichlid fishes of rocky habitats in Lake Malawi. S. Afr. J. Zool. 18(3):147-310. (Ref. 6256) Mills, D. and G. Vevers0 The Tetra encyclopedia of freshwater tropical aquarium fishes. Tetra Press, New Jersey. 208 p. (Ref. 7020) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas, Band 1. 10th edition. Mergus Verlag GmBH, Melle, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 13371) Reinthal, P.N.0 The feeding habits of a group of herbivorous rock-dwelling cichlid fishes (Cichlidae: Perciformes) from Lake Malawi, Africa. Environ. Biol. Fishes 27(3):215-233. (Ref. 26994) Stauffer, J.R. Jr., N.J. Bowers, K.A. Kellogg and K.R. McKaye0 A revision of the blue-black <i>Pseudotropheus zebra</i> (Teleostei: Cichlidae) complex from Lake Malawi, Africa, with a description of a new genus and ten new species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 148:189-230. (Ref. 27596) Schliewen, U.K.0 Aquarium fish. Barron's Education Series, Incorporated. 159 p. (Ref. 30491) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Gibbons, S.0 Collect fish on stamps. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., London and Ringwood. 418 p. (Ref. 31522) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Nsiku, E.0 Changes in the fisheries of Lake Malawi, 1976-1996: ecosystem-based analysis. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 217 p. M.Sc. thesis. (Ref. 33486) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Zimbabwe. National Museum of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 240, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. (Ref. 36653) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Bassleer, G.0 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) Coleman, R.0 Cichlid egg size data. Cichlid Research homepage. (http://www.cichlidresearch.com/) (Ref. 42048) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Bassleer, G.0 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of January 2004. Database dump. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in January 2004. (Ref. 50838) Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Ambali, A., H. Kabwazi, L. Malekano, G. Mwale, D. Chimwaza, J. Ingainga, N. Makimoto, S. Nakayama, M. Yuma and Y. Kada0 Relationship between local and scientific names of fishes in Lake Malawi/Nyasa. Afr. Stud. Monogr. (22)3:123-154. (Ref. 53836) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Bartley, D.M. (comp./ed.)0 DIAS. Introduced species in fisheries and aquaculture: information for responsible use and control. CD-ROM. Rome (Italy): FAO. (Ref. 74657) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Konings, A.F. and J.R. Stauffer Jr.0 Revised diagnosis of <i>Metriaclima</i> (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with description of a new species from Lake Malawi National Park, Africa. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 17(3):233-246. (Ref. 76849) Condé, B. and J. Géry0 <i>Maylandia</i> Meyer et Foerster, 1984, un nom générique disponible (Teleostei, Perciformes, Cichlidae). Rev. Fr. Aquariol. 26(1-2):21-22. (Ref. 79558) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Ciccotto, P.J., A. Konings and J.R. Stauffer Jr.0 Descriptions of five new species in the genus <i>Metriaclima</i> (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malaŵi, Africa. Zootaxa 2738:1-25. (Ref. 86409) Konings, A.0 Malawi cichlids in their natural habitat. 3rd edition. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA. 351p. (Ref. 86864) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Sandford, G.0 Akvaariumiomaniku käsiraamat. Sandford, G. 2006. Akvaariumiomaniku käsiraamat. Varrak. (Ref. 105480) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante0 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-8345-10537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8345 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pszeb_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Pszeb_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-8345 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-08-30 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8345 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Adults are found in rocky areas which may be sediment-free and shallow or sediment-rich at somewhat deeper levels. They feed at right angles with the substrate by combing loose material from the biocover. Also feed on plankton in the open water (Ref. 5595). Stauffer, J.R. Jr., N.J. Bowers, K.A. Kellogg and K.R. McKaye 1997 A revision of the blue-black <i>Pseudotropheus zebra</i> (Teleostei: Cichlidae) complex from Lake Malawi, Africa, with a description of a new genus and ten new species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 148:189-230. (Ref. 27596) FB-DiagnosticDescr-8345 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1998-11-12 00:00:00 2018-02-08 22:55:48 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8345 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Diagnosis: The moderately sloped head, swollen rostral tip of the neurocranium, isognathous jaws, and the presence of bicuspid teeth in the outer rows of the jaws place this species in Maylandia (Ref. 27596). The absence of any interrupted pigment in the pale blue dorsal fin in combination with black bars on a blue ground colour distinguish this species from all other members of the genus (Ref. 27596).Description: Jaws isognathous; teeth on jaws in 2-5 rows; majority of teeth in outer rows bicuspid, with a few posterior unicuspid teeth; those in inner rows tricuspid; 3-14 teeth in outer rows of the left lower jaw (Ref. 27596). Dorsal fin with 16-19 spines and 7-10 rays; pectoral fins with 12-15 rays; anal fin with 3 spines, except in some specimens from Mazinzi Reef and Mitande Rocks, which had 4; anal fin with 6-9 rays (Ref. 27596). Lower pharyngeal bone triangular in outline (Ref. 27596). Scales along side ctenoid; 29-34 lateral-line scales; 0-3 pored scales post lateral line; 4-6 scale rows on cheek (Ref. 27596, 76849). First gill arch with 9-14 rakers on the ceratobranchial, 1-5 on epibranchial, and 1 between the epibranchial and ceratobranchial (Ref. 27596).Colouration: Breeding males have a blue ground colouration laterally with 6-8 black vertical bars, very faint or no bars on posterior one-third; although extremely rare, sometimes they exhibit a blue/black or orange/black blotched colouration; belly anterior to the pelvic fin black fading to light blue posteriorly; head dark blue to black with a single light interorbital bar; gular dark gray in most populations, but yellow in some northern populations; dorsal fin uniformly blue gray in most populations, with tips of posterior rays orange in some populations and a continuous black horizontal stripe in some northern populations; caudal fin blue/gray; anal fin blye gray with 1-5 yellow ocelli; in some populations the proximal two-thirds of the anal fin is black, while the distal one-third is light gray; pelvic fin light blue leading edge, spine and first two rays black, posterior rays clear; pectoral fins clear (Ref. 27596). Females generally with brown cast and 1-4 faint ocelli on anal fin; the females alternatively may be dull blue or exhibit an orange/black blotched colouration; this blotched colouration is observed more frequently in females than males and appears to be completely absent in some populations (Ref. 27596, 76849). Stauffer, J.R. Jr., N.J. Bowers, K.A. Kellogg and K.R. McKaye 1997 A revision of the blue-black <i>Pseudotropheus zebra</i> (Teleostei: Cichlidae) complex from Lake Malawi, Africa, with a description of a new genus and ten new species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 148:189-230. (Ref. 27596) FB-Morphology-8345 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1998-11-12 00:00:00 2018-02-08 22:55:48 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8345 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 16 - 19; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7 - 10; Anal spines: 3 - 4; Analsoft rays: 6 - 9 Stauffer, J.R. Jr., N.J. Bowers, K.A. Kellogg and K.R. McKaye 1997 A revision of the blue-black <i>Pseudotropheus zebra</i> (Teleostei: Cichlidae) complex from Lake Malawi, Africa, with a description of a new genus and ten new species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 148:189-230. (Ref. 27596) FB-Distribution-8345 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-08-30 00:00:00 2025-11-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8345 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Africa: Lake Malawi in Malawi (Ref. 5595, 27596), including Likoma Island and Chizumulu Island (Ref. 5595). Stauffer, J.R. Jr., N.J. Bowers, K.A. Kellogg and K.R. McKaye 1997 A revision of the blue-black <i>Pseudotropheus zebra</i> (Teleostei: Cichlidae) complex from Lake Malawi, Africa, with a description of a new genus and ten new species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 148:189-230. (Ref. 27596) FB-Uses-8345 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-08-30 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8345 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription fisheries: highly commercial; aquarium: highly commercial Konings, A. 1990 Ad Konings's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 495 p. (Ref. 5595) Konings, A. 1990 Ad Konings's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 495 p. (Ref. 5595) FB-LifeCycle-8345 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tom Froese 1993-08-30 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=8345&StockCode=8659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Produces up to 60 eggs. Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch 1991 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) FB-TrophicStrategy-8345 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1993-11-04 00:00:00 2000-12-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public zebra http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Inhabits the intermediate zone. Also found in sediment covered slabs and small medium rocks. Territorial males, usually centered around a hole among the rocks in which the resident spawns or takes refuge, ritualized intraspecific fights common. Females, juveniles and non territorial adult males occur in large schools, frequently numbering hundreds of individuals as well as singly or in small groups. Non territorial fish feed in the water column, territorial males may also do when plankton is available. Sand, rock or sediment scrapers. Ribbink, A.J., B.A. Marsh, A.C. Marsh, A.C. Ribbink and B.J. Sharp 1983 A preliminary survey of the cichlid fishes of rocky habitats in Lake Malawi. S. Afr. J. Zool. 18(3):147-310. (Ref. 6256) FB-Size-8345 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-08-30 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8345 11.3 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5684)) Maréchal, C. 1991 Pseudotropheus. p. 401-415. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5684) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-8345-733 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-22 00:00:00 2003-09-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8345&StockCode=8659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Bacterial Infections (general). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-8345-359 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-15 00:00:00 2003-11-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8345&StockCode=8659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Cryptobia Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-8345-153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-22 00:00:00 2003-09-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8345&StockCode=8659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Fin Rot (early stage). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-8345-360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-22 00:00:00 2003-09-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8345&StockCode=8659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Hole-in-the-Head Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-8345-369 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-22 00:00:00 2003-09-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8345&StockCode=8659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Pseudomonas infection. Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-8345-342 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-22 00:00:00 2003-09-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8345&StockCode=8659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Trypanosoma Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-8345-14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-22 00:00:00 2003-09-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8345&StockCode=8659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats White spot Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Habitat-8345 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-08-30 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8345 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat demersal; non-migratory (Ref. 126106); freshwater; pH range: 8.0 - 8.0; dH range: 9 - 19; depth range 6 - 28 m Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106)