FB-8416 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8416 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cypriniformes Leuciscidae Rutilus Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840) Mahi Safid Mahi Safid Daryacheh Khazar Mahisephid-e-daryaye Khazar Sifid Mahi Talaji Wyrozub Plotice perletová Plotice perleťová Vyrezub Sortehavsskalle Schwarzmeerplötze Black Sea roach Black Sea Roach Kutum Hammassärg Mustanmerensärki Shirvanska plotitschka Vyrezub вырезуб Кутум Plotica perletová Svartahavsmört Levkit balığı Ţăran ماهي سفيد 库图拟鲤 庫圖擬鯉 截齒擬鯉 截齿拟鲤 Cyprinus wiresuba Güldenstädt, 1791 Gardonus wyrozub Walecki, 1863 Leuciscus frisii Nordmann, 1840 Leuciscus frisii caspius Lönnberg, 1900 Leuciscus frisii kutum (non Kamensky, 1901) Rutilus frisii frisii (Nordmann, 1840) Rutilus frisii velecensis Chichkoff, 1932 1993-09-16 2024-01-29 Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström0 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) Blanc, M., J.-L. Gaudet, P. Banarescu and J.-C. Hureau0 European inland water fish. A multilingual catalogue. Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London. (Ref. 683) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Wheeler, A.0 Freshwater fishes of Britain and Europe. Rainbow Books, Elsley House, London. 124 p. (Ref. 6111) Grabda, E. and T. Heese0 Polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby. Cyclostomata et Pisces. Wyzsza Szkola Inzynierska w Koszalinie. Koszalin, Poland. 171 p. (in Polish). (Ref. 6313) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. The information in FishBase was derived by comparing FishBase with a preliminary version 2.0 of Eschmeyer's PISCES database, published on the Internet in November 1996, URL:gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 7442) FAO0 FAO Yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 74: 1992. FAO Fish. Ser. 43:677 p. (Ref. 8984) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlstrøm0 Europas ferskvandsfisk. GEC Gads Forlag, København. 224p. (in Danish). (Ref. 9946) Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii0 Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p. (Ref. 9953) Baillie, J. and B. Groombridge (eds.)0 1996 IUCN red list of threatened animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 378 p. (Ref. 12255) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Kottelat, M.0 European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696) Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva and L.I. Sokolov0 An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of Russia. J. Ichthyol. 37(9):687-736. (Ref. 26334) Vasil'ev, V.P.0 The evolutionary karyology of fishes. (Evoljuzionnaja kariologiya ryb). 300p. Moscow: Nauka. (Ref. 30007) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Bogutskaya, N.G.0 Contribution to the knowledge of leuciscine fishes of Asia Minor. Part 2. An annotated check-list of leuciscine fishes (Leuciscinae, Cyprinidae) of Turkey with descriptions of a new species and two new subspecies. Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst. 94:161-186. (Ref. 33550) Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche and H. Greven0 Database of fish chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften. (Ref. 34370) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM). (Ref. 36508) Coad, B.W.0 Freshwater fishes of Iran. Acta Sci. Nat. Acad. Sci. Brno. 29(1):1-64. (Ref. 39702) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 An overview of nonindigenous fishes in inland waters of Russia. Proc. Zool. Inst. Russ. Acad. Sci. 296:21-30. (Ref. 45022) Bogutskaya, N.G.0 Common names of Russian freshwater fishes. Spreadsheet with cyrillic names made available for inclusion in FishBase. Unpublished. (Ref. 45043) Baruš, V. and O. Oliva (eds.)0 Mihulovci a ryby. Fauna R a SR. (Cyclostomata and fishes. Fauna of Czech Republic and Slovakia). sv. 28 Academia Praha. (Ref. 45250) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of March 2003. Database dump. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in March 2003. (Ref. 46206) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Coad, B.W.0 Freshwater fishes of Iran: checklists of Farsi names. Retrieved July 16, 2003, from http://www.purethrottle.com/briancoad/checklists/farsinameslist.htm (Ref. 47866) Ricker, W.E.0 Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. (Ref. 48321) Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a ryboviti obratlovci (Pisces) 3., maloústí (Gonorhynchiformes) - máloostní (Cypriniformes). Národní muzeum (zoologické oddělení), Praha. (Ref. 51055) Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Belyaeva, V.N., E.N. Kazancheev and Raspopov V.M.0 The Caspian Sea: Ichthyofauna and commercial resources. Moscow, Nauka, 236 p. (Ref. 56523) Iacob, L. and I. Dima0 Regnul Animalia. Eukarya. Enciclopedia Florei si Faunei din Romania. (Ref. 56616) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Don River Drainage Area. In Website and Database: "Freshwater Fishes of Russia": A Source of Information on the Current State of the Fauna. Zoological Institute RAS. (Ref. 58293) Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Kuban River Drainage Area. In Website and Database: "Freshwater Fishes of Russia": A Source of Information on the Current State of the Fauna. Zoological Institute RAS. (Ref. 58296) Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Volga River Drainage Area. In Website and Database: "Freshwater Fishes of Russia": A Source of Information on the Current State of the Fauna. Zoological Institute RAS. (Ref. 58297) Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari0 Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostoma and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Sea A (706):1-172. (Ref. 58342) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof0 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) Tarkan, A.S., O. Gaygusuz, H. Acipinar, C. Gürsoy and M. Ozulug0 Length-weight relationship of fishes from the Marmara region (NW-Turkey). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 22:271-273. (Ref. 59105) Bartley, D.M. (comp./ed.)0 DIAS. Introduced species in fisheries and aquaculture: information for responsible use and control. CD-ROM. Rome (Italy): FAO. (Ref. 74657) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Vasil'eva, E.D.0 Main alterations in ichthyofauna of the largest rivers of the northern coast of the Black Sea in the last 50 years: A review. Folia Zool. 52(4):337-358. (Ref. 75639) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Holčik, J.0 Vanishing freshwater fish species of Slovakia. p. 79-86. A. Kirchhofer and D. Hefti (eds) In Conservation of Endangered Freshwater Fish in Europe. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland. (Ref. 90058) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Machacek, H. (ed.)0 World Records Freshwater Fishing. www.fishing-worldrecords.com, 8 December 2014. (Ref. 99764) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) Çiçek, E., R. Fricke and S.S. Birecikligil0 Freshwater fishes of Turkey: a revised and updated annotated checklist. Biharean Biologist 9(2):141-157. (Ref. 106151) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) FB-GeneralDescr-8416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1993-09-16 00:00:00 2024-01-29 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8416 A semi-anadromous species which occurs in large brackish estuaries and their large, freshened plume waters, coastal lakes connected to rivers and lowland stretches of large rivers. Can tolerate salinities up to 7-12 ppt. Landlocked populations live in lakes or reservoirs. Larvae and early juveniles take zooplankton, algae and insect larvae as food while adults feed on molluscs, Rhithropanopeus crabs and other benthic invertebrates. Feeding ceases while migrating, spawning and overwintering. Breeds in small rivers or streams with heavy current on gravel bottom. Begins migration to rivers in second half of October (Black Sea, rarely in Caspian Sea). When rivers are covered with ice, spawning migration stops and continues when ice breaks up or even under ice in February-April. Spawns in April-May. Adults migrate back to estuaries to forage immediately after spawning. Juveniles move to estuaries during first summer in August. Landlocked populations undertake migration in springs from lakes or reservoirs or middle stretches of rivers to tributaries or upper reaches (Ref. 59043). Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-DiagnosticDescr-8416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1993-09-16 00:00:00 2010-06-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8416 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Can be diagnosed from its congeners in Black and Caspian Sea basins by having the following characters: body almost cylindrical, depth 19-26% SL; 53-64 + 3 scales on lateral line; abdomen posterior to pelvic rounded; snout rounded, stout; mouth subterminal; dorsal fin with 9-10½ branched rays; iris and fins grey or slightly yellowish; breeding males with large, scattered tubercles on top and side of head (Ref. 59043). Wheeler, A. 1992 Freshwater fishes of Britain and Europe. Rainbow Books, Elsley House, London. 124 p. (Ref. 6111) FB-Morphology-8416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1993-09-16 00:00:00 2010-06-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8416 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 12; Analsoft rays: 12 - 14 Wheeler, A. 1992 Freshwater fishes of Britain and Europe. Rainbow Books, Elsley House, London. 124 p. (Ref. 6111) FB-Distribution-8416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1993-09-16 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8416 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Eurasia: Black and Azov Sea basins, absent from Danube and Kuban drainages; landloacked populations in Don, resulting from dam construction; Caspian basin from Terek to Atrek drainages, very rarely in northern Caspian basin (Volga [earlier up to Perm], Ural); Lake Iznik in Sea of Marmara basin in Anatolia. Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Uses-8416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1993-09-16 00:00:00 2024-01-29 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8416 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-LifeCycle-8416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1993-09-16 00:00:00 2024-01-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=8416&StockCode=8730 Lays eggs which adhere to rocks and gravel, rarely on submerged plants. Eggs hatch in 10-16 days at 12-19°C (Ref. 59043). Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii 1989 Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p. (Ref. 9953) FB-Size-8416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1993-09-16 00:00:00 2024-01-29 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8416 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 70.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 556)); max. published weight: 8,000 g (Ref. 59043); max. reported age: 12 years (Ref. 6111) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström 1968 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) Wheeler, A. 1992 Freshwater fishes of Britain and Europe. Rainbow Books, Elsley House, London. 124 p. (Ref. 6111) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-8416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1993-09-16 00:00:00 2024-01-29 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8416 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat benthopelagic; freshwater; brackish; depth range 50 - ? m