FB-868 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=868 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Carcharhiniformes Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus Carcharhinus falciformis (Bibron, 1839) Cação Lombo preto Marracho sedoso Marracho-luzidio Tubarão-luzidio Syhaai Silkehaj Seidenhai Blackspot shark Gray reef shark Grey whaler shark Olive shark Reef shark Ridgeback shark Shark Sickle shark Sickle silk shark Sickle-shaped shark Silk shark Silky shark Silky Shark Silky whaler Siidhallhai Siid-hallhai Haukkahai Mangeur d'hommes Requin soyeux Moosi Manō Cucut lanjaman Hiu lanyam Mungsing Kurotogari zame Kurotogarizame ತರ್ ವಾಟ್ Mandi sravu മണ്ടി സ്റാവ് Mushi मुशी Mungsing Yu Yu jereh Yu pasir Gofo Maragnitsoro Malie Gussi Mbamba menyo Papa Papa bunshu Silkeshaj Tautukau Karimuthu sura Suga sura కరిముతు సురా సుగ సుర Pating Chalarm Thao Cazon Cazón Cazon de playa Cazón de playa Cazón-tiburón Jaqueta Jaqueton Jaquetón Tiburón sedoso Tiburón Tiburon jaqueton Tiburón jaquetón Tiburón lustroso Tiburón piloto Tiburón tollo Tinterero Tollo Tollo mantequero Bala maora Hiu lonjor Honda mora Kanhaai Karcharinos lios Mago Magogo Magomago Mungsing Pe'ata Svilnati morski pes Tribon berde Zijdehaai Καρχαρίνος λείος 佛罗里达真鲨 佛羅里達真鯊 大沙 平滑白眼鮫 平滑白眼鲛 鐮狀真鯊 镰状真鲨 黑印真鯊 黑印真鲨 黑背真鯊 黑背真鲨 Aprionodon sitankaiensis Herre, 1934 Carcharhinus atrodorsus Deng, Xiong & Zhan, 1981 Carcharhinus falciformes (Bibron, 1839) Carcharhinus floridanus Bigelow, Schroeder & Springer, 1943 Carcharhinus menisorrah (Valenciennes, 1839) Carcharhinus menissorrah (Valenciennes, 1839) Carcharias falciformis Bibron, 1839 Carcharias falcipinnis Lowe, 1839 Carcharias menisorrah Valenciennes, 1839 Carcharias pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1871 Carcharins menisorrah Valenciennes, 1839 Carcharius falcipinnis Lowe, 1839 Carcharius menisorrah Valenciennes, 1839 Eulamia malpeloensis Fowler, 1944 Eulamia menisorrah (Valenciennes, 1839) Gymnorhinus pharaonis Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899 Prionodon tiburo (Poey, 1860) Squalus tiburo Poey, 1860 1992-06-15 2021-11-27 Brouard, F. and R. Grandperrin0 Les poissons profonds de la pente récifale externe à Vanuatu. Notes Doc. Océanogr. Mission ORSTOM, Port-Villa 11:131 p. (Ref. 160) Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Compagno, L.J.V.0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Herre, A.W.C.T.0 Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. (20):1-977. (Ref. 280) Müller, J. and F.G.J. Henle0 Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Berlin, Veit, (2):29-102. (Ref. 373) Garrick, J.A.F.0 Sharks of the genus <i>Carcharhinus</i>. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. (445):194 p. (Ref. 386) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Wass, R.C.0 An annotated checklist of the fishes of Samoa. Natl. Ocean. Atmos. Adminis. Tech. Rept., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rept. Fish. (781). (Ref. 592) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) Suvatti, C.0 Fishes of Thailand. Royal Institute of Thailand, Bangkok. 379 p. (Ref. 1632) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene0 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann0 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) Herre, A.W.C.T. and A.F. Umali0 English and local common names of Philippine fishes. U. S. Dept. of Interior and Fish and Wildl. Serv. Circular No. 14, U. S. Gov't Printing Office, Washington. 128 p. (Ref. 2857) Bianchi, G.0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine and brackish-water species of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of TCP/URT/4406 and FAO (FIRM) Regular Programme. FAO, Rome. 199 p. (Ref. 2871) Bianchi, G.0 Fichas FAO de identifacao de espécies para propósitos comerciais. Guia de campo para as espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Angola. Preparado com o apoio da NORAD e da FAO (FIRM) Programa Regular, FAO, Rome. 184 p. (Ref. 3166) Bonfil, R.S., D.F. de Anda and R.A. Mena0 Shark fisheries in Mexico: the case of Yucatan as an example. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 90:427-441. (Ref. 3222) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) FAO0 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Shen, S.C. (ed.)0 Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p. (Ref. 5193) Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga0 Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p. (Ref. 5213) Bass, A.J., P.C. Heemstra and L.J.V. Compagno0 Carcharhinidae. p. 67-87. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 5485) Böhlke, J.E. and C.C.G. Chaplin0 Fishes of the Bahamas and adjacent tropical waters. 2nd edition. University of Texas Press, Austin. (Ref. 5521) Chirichigno F., N.0 Clave para identificar los peces marinos del Peru. Inf. Inst. Mar. Perú (44):1-387. (Ref. 5530) Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale0 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan0 New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755) Mohsin, A.K.M., M.A. Ambak and M.N.A. Salam0 Malay, English, and scientific names of the fishes of Malaysia. Occas. Publ. Fac. Fish. Mar. Sci. Univ. Pertanian Malays. 11:226 p. (Ref. 5756) Kotlyar, A.N.0 Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow. 288 p. (Ref. 5969) Gloerfelt-Tarp, T. and P.J. Kailola0 Trawled fishes of southern Indonesia and northwestern Australia. Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Australia, Directorate General of Fishes, Indonesia, and German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Federal Republic of Germany. 407 p. (Ref. 5978) Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder0 Sharks. p. 59-546. In J. Tee-Van, C.M. Breder, S.F. Hildebrand, A.E. Parr and W.C. Schroeder (eds.) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Part one. Lancelets, cyclostomes, sharks. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University, New Haven. 576 p. (Ref. 6032) Branstetter, S.0 Age, growth and reproductive biology of the silky shark, <i>Carcharhinus falciformis</i>, and the scalloped hammerhead, <i>Sphyrna lewini</i>, from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Environ. Biol. Fishes 19(3):161-173. (Ref. 6084) Bonfil, R., R. Mena and D. de Anda0 Biological parameters of commercially exploited silky sharks, <i>Carcharhinus falciformis</i>, from the Campeche Bank, Mexico. p. 73-86. In S. Branstetter (ed.) Conservation biology of Elasmobranchs. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 115. (Ref. 6403) Guitart Manday, D.0 Las pesquerias pelagico-oceanicas de corto radio de accíon en la regíon noroccidental de Cuba. Ser. Oceanol. Acad. Cienc. Cuba 31:1--26. (Ref. 6473) Brito, A.0 Catalogo de los pesces de las Islas Canarias. Francisco Lemus, la Laguna. 230 p. (Ref. 6808) Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens0 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871) Kailola, P.J.0 The fishes of Papua New Guinea. A revised and annotated checklist. Vol. 1. Myxinidae to Synbranchidae. Research Bulletin No. 41. Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. 194 p. (Ref. 6993) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray0 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley0 Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300) Quevedo, R. and L. Aguilar0 Algunos aspectos biológicos de las especies pelágico-oceánicas en la plataforma NW de Cuba. Resúmenes de la Primera Jornada Científica de las BTJ, Cent. Invest. Pesq., La Habana, p. 8. [inédito]. (Ref. 8588) FAO0 FAO Yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 74: 1992. FAO Fish. Ser. 43:677 p. (Ref. 8984) Hoenig, J.M.0 The vertebral centra of sharks and their use in age determination. M.S. thesis, University of Rhode Island. 144 p. (Ref. 9012) Economidis, P.S.0 Catalogue of the fishes of Greece. Reprinted from Hellenic Oceanology and Limnology, Praktika of the Inst. of Ocean. and Fishing Research, vol. 11 (1972). (Ref. 9057) Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen0 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) Compagno, L.J.V., F. Krupp and W. Schneider0 Tiburones. p. 647-744. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9253) Nguyen, H.P. and H.L. Tran0 Checklist of marine fishes in Viet Nam. Vol. 1. Amphioxi and Chondrichthyes. Science and Technics Publishing House, Viet Nam. (Ref. 9705) Humann, P.0 Reef fish identification: Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publications, Jacksonville, Florida. 426 p. (Ref. 9761) Compagno, L.J.V. and V.H. Niem0 Carcharhinidae. Requiem sharks. p. 1312-1360. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Vol. 2. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 9997) Fritzsch, B. and P. Moller0 A history of electroreception. p. 39-55. In P. Moller (ed.) Electric fishes:history and behavior. Fish and Fisheries Series 17. Chapman & Hall, London. (Ref. 10311) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937) Nakaya, K.0 Carcharhinidae. p. 5-7. In H. Masuda, K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino (eds.) Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai Univ. Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p, 370 pls. (Ref. 11070) Randall, J.E. and C. Anderson0 Annotated checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Maldives Islands. Ichthyol. Bull. of the J.L.B. Smith Inst. of Ichthyol. (59):1-47. (Ref. 11303) Randall, J.E.0 Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. (Ref. 11441) Claro, R. and J.P. García-Arteaga0 Crecimiento. p.321-402. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanologia Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo (CIQRO), México. (Ref. 11824) Goren, M. and M. Dor0 An updated checklist of the fishes of the Red Sea (CLOFRES II). The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, Israel. 120 p. (Ref. 12541) Taniuchi, T., H. Tachikawa, Y. Kurata and Y. Nose0 Galapagos shark, <i>Carcharinus galapagensis</i>, from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 31(4):449-452. (Ref. 12606) Michael, S.W.0 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. Eschmeyer's PISCES database as published on the Internet in June 1997, URL: gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 12965) Edwards, A.J. and H.R. Lubbock0 The shark population of Saint Paul's Rocks. Copeia 1982(1):223-225. (Ref. 13067) Lubbock, R. and A. Edwards0 The fishes of Saint Paul's Rocks. J. Fish Biol. 18(2):135-157. (Ref. 13121) Bonfil, R.0 Status of shark resources in the southern Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean: implications and management. Fish. Res. 29(2):101-117. (Ref. 13186) Sánchez, A.C.0 Listado taxonomico de las especies marinas identificadas en los océanos Pacífico y Atlántico (Caribe) de Nicaragua. Ministerio de Economía y Desarrollo. MEDE PESCA. Managua. 28 p. (Ref. 13613) FAO, Fisheries Department0 World review of highly migratory species and straddling stocks. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. No. 337. Rome, FAO. 70 p. (Ref. 26139) Ogden, J.C., J.A. Yntema and I. Clavijo0 An annotated list of the fishes of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Spec. Publ. No. 3. (Ref. 26180) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282) Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova0 Alimentacion y relaciones tróficas. p. 263-284. In Rodolfo Claro (ed.) Ecología de los Peces Marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo, Mexico. (Ref. 26338) Claro, R.0 Características generales de la ictiofauna. p. 55-70. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo. (Ref. 26340) Cox, G. and M. Francis0 Sharks and rays of New Zealand. Canterbury Univ. Press, Univ. of Canterbury. 68 p. (Ref. 26346) Sanches, J.G.0 Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalização estatística). Publ. Avuls. Inst. Nac. Invest. Pescas 14:322 p. (Ref. 26388) Anonymous0 Atlas pesquero de México. Instituto Nacional de la Pesca. 234 p. (Ref. 26550) Smith, C.L.0 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938) Sanches, J.G.0 Catálogo dos principais peixes marinhos da República de Guiné-Bissau. Publ. Avuls. Inst. Nac. Invest. Pescas 16:429 p. (Ref. 26999) Kohler, N.E., J.G. Casey and P.A. Turner0 Length-weight relationships for 13 species of sharks from the western North Atlantic. Fish. Bull. 93:412-418. (Ref. 27093) Mohsin, A.K.M. and M.A. Ambak0 Marine fishes and fisheries of Malaysia and neighbouring countries. University of Pertanian Malaysia Press, Serdang, Malaysia. 744 p. (Ref. 27550) Demski, L.S. and R.G. Northcutt0 The brain and cranial nerves of the white shark: an evolutionary perspective. p. 121-130. In A.P. Klimley and D.G. Ainley (eds.) Great white sharks: the biology of <i>Carcharodon carcharias</i>. (Ref. 27579) Allen, G.R. and D.R. Robertson0 An annotated checklist of the fishes of Clipperton Atoll, tropical eastern Pacific. Rev. Biol. Trop. 45(2):813-843. (Ref. 27654) Escobar-Fernández, R. and M. Siri0 Nombres vernáculos y científicos de los peces del Pacífico mexicano. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Sociedad Ictiológica Mexicana, A.C. Mexico. (Ref. 27736) Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg0 The fishes of the Galápagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 863 p. (Ref. 28023) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's tank photos. Collection of 10,000 large-format photos (slides) of dead fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28618) Allen, G.R. and P.L. Munday0 Kimbe Bay rapid ecological assessment: the coral reefs of Kimbe Bay (West New Britain, Papua New Guinea), Volume 3: Fish diversity of Kimbe Bay. The Nature Conservancy, South Pacific program Office, Auckland, New Zealand. 107 p. (Ref. 28888) Villoso, E.P., G.V. Hermosa and C. Dizon0 Species composition and diversity of fishes caught by otter trawling in Samar Sea. Fish. Res. J. Philipp. 8(2):33-49. (Ref. 29039) Venkateswarlu, T.0 Records of the zoological survey of India: scientific, common and vernacular names of fishes of India. Occasional Paper No. 56, Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 95 p. (Ref. 30353) Randolph, S. and M. Snyder0 The seafood list: FDA's guide to acceptable market names for seafood sold in interstate commerce. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, USA. pag. var. (Ref. 30426) Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers0 FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p. (Ref. 30573) Ni, I.-H. and K.-Y. Kwok0 Marine fish fauna in Hong Kong waters. Zool. Stud. 38(2):130-152. (Ref. 31075) Smith, S.W., D.W. Au and C. Show0 Intrinsic rebound potential of 26 species of Pacific sharks. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 49:663-678. (Ref. 31395) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of November 1999. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in November 1999. (Ref. 33021) Fricke, R.0 Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31:759 p. (Ref. 33390) Ramjohn, D.D.0 Checklist of coastal and marine fishes of Trinidad and Tobago. Marine Fishery Analysis Unit, Fisheries Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Trinidad and Tobago. Fisheries Information Series 8, 151 p. (Ref. 33407) Cortés, E.0 Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of sharks. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 56:707-717. (Ref. 33559) McCormack, G.0 Cook Islands biodiversity and natural heritage database. Sent by Gerald McCormack as RTF document in May 2000 for use in FishBase. (Ref. 34027) Debelius, H.0 Fischführer Mittelmeer und Atlantik. Jahr Verlag GmbH & Co., Hamburg. 305 p. (Ref. 34514) Zaneveld, J.S.0 Caribbean Fish Life. Index to the local and scientific names of the marine fishes and fishlike invertebrates of the Caribbean area (Tropical Western Central Atlantic Ocean). E.J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys, Leiden, 163p. (Ref. 35205) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509) Kami, H.T.0 Check-list of Guam fishes, supplement II. Micronesica 11(1):115-121. (Ref. 35720) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein0 Food of northwest Atlantic fishes and two common species of squid. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE 155, 138 p. (Ref. 37512) Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn and T. Songsirikul0 Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Thailand. 353 p. (Ref. 37773) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816) Nomura, H.0 Dicionário dos peixes do Brasil. Brasília: Editerra. 482p. (Ref. 38265) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Crespo, J., J. Gajate and R. Ponce0 Clasificación científica e identificación de nombres vernáculos existentes en la base de datos de seguimiento informático de recursos naturales oceánicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Madrid, Spain. 414 p. (Ref. 39531) Béarez, P.0 Lista de los peces marinos del Ecuador continental. Rev. Biol. Trop. 44(2):731-741. (Ref. 40498) IGFA0 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) McCosker, J.E. and R.H. Rosenblatt0 Fishes collected at Malpelo Island. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 176:91-93. (Ref. 41373) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Economidis, P.S.0 Common names of Hellenic marine fishes. Aristotle University, Unpublished Technical Report. (Ref. 41474) Economidis, P.S. and E. Koutrakis0 Common names of comercially important Hellenic marine organisms. Aristotle University, Unpublished Technical Report. (Ref. 41475) Soares, L.H.0 Catálogo dos peixes do litoral do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Boletim do Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia do Centro de Biociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte 7:1-39. (Ref. 42070) Grace, M.0 Field guide to requiem sharks (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Carcharhinidae) of the western north Atlantic. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 153, 32 p. U.S. Dep. Commerce., Seattle, Washington. (Ref. 43312) Golani, D., L. Orsi Relini, E. Massutí and J.-P. Quignard0 CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean. Vol. 1. Fishes. F. Briand (ed.). 256 pages. CIESM Publishers, Monaco. (Ref. 43448) Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454) Kapoor, D., R. Dayal and A.G. Ponniah0 Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, India.775 p. (Ref. 45255) Pauly, D.0 The fishes and their ecology. p.15-33. In D. Pauly and A.N. Mines (eds.) Small-scale fisheries of San Miguel Bay, Philippines: biology and stock assessment. ICLARM Techn. Rep. 7, 124 p. (Ref. 45674) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Luchavez-Maypa, M.-M., J.P.A. Gaudiano, A.B. Ramas-Uyptiching, M.N.R. Alava, P.R. Last, J.D. Stevens and L.J.V. Compagno0 The WWF elasmobranch collection: species confirmed from Philippine waters. Terminal Report submitted to the WWF-Philippines Elasmobranch Biodiversity and Conservation Project, 20 June 2001. (Unpublished). (Ref. 47736) Compagno, L.J.V., P.R. Last, J.D. Stevens and M.N.R. Alava0 Checklist of Philippine Chondrichthyes. CSIRO Marine Laboratories, Rept. 243. 101 p. (Ref. 47737) Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843) Misra, K.S.0 Pisces. Delhi, Manager of Publications. Vol. 1, 256 p. (Ref. 47916) Roxas, H.A. and C. Martin0 Checklist of Philippine fishes. Bureau of Printing , Manila. Department of Agriculture and Commerce. Technical Bulletin (6). Philipp. Fish. 314pp. (Ref. 47930) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Carcharhinidae. Requiem sharks (ground sharks, blue sharks, sharpnose sharks). p. 466-496. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 1: Introduction, molluscs, crustaceans, hagfishes, sharks, batoid fishes, and chimaeras. (Ref. 50072) Quignard, J.P. and J.A. Tomasini0 Mediterranean fish biodiversity. Biol. Mar. Mediterr. 7(3):1-66. (Ref. 50345) Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449) Louisy, P.0 Guide d'identification des poissons marins. Europe et Méditerranée. Paris: Eds. Eugène Ulmer. (Ref. 50675) Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Uchida, R.N.0 Summary of environmental and fishing information on Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands: A review of the plankton communities and fishery resources. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-33, 159 p. (Ref. 53190) Ahmad, A., A.A. Abdul Haris Hilmi, A.C. Gambang, S. Ahemad and A.R. Solahuddin (eds.)0 Elasmobranch resources, utilization, trade and management in Malaysia. Marine Fishery Resources Development and Management Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. (Ref. 53392) Randall, J.E., J.T. Williams, D.G. Smith, M. Kulbicki, G.M. Tham, P. Labrosse, M. Kronen, E. Clua and B.S. Mann0 Checklist of the shore and epipelagic fishes of Tonga. Atoll Res. Bull. Nos. 502. (Ref. 53797) Claro, R. and L.R. Parenti0 The marine ichthyofauna of Cuba. p. 21-57. In Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman and L.R. Parenti (eds) Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press, Wahsington and London. 253p. (Ref. 54206) Chen, C.-H.0 Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication No. 4. 175 p. (Ref. 55073) Florida Museum of Natural History0 Biological profiles: silky shark. Retrieved on 26 August 2005, from www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/silkyshark/silkyshark.html. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History: Education-Biological Profiles. FLMNH, University of Florida. (Ref. 55180) Cortés, E.0 Life history patterns and correlations in sharks. Rev. Fish. Sci. 8(4):299-344. (Ref. 56138) White, W.T., P.R. Last, J.D. Stevens, G.K. Yearsley, Fahmi and Dharmadi0 Economically important sharks and rays of Indonesia. [Hiu dan pari yang bernilai ekonomis penting di Indonesia]. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia. (Ref. 58048) Compagno, L.J.V., D. Dando and S. Fowler0 Sharks of the world. Princeton field guides. Harper Collins Publishing Ltd., London. 368 p. (Ref. 58085) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Mundy, B.C.0 Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704. (Ref. 58302) Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen0 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534) Menni, R.C. and L.O. Lucifora0 Condrictios de la Argentina y Uruguay. <i>ProBiota</i>, FCNyM, UNLP, Serie Técnica-Didáctica, La Plata, Argentina, 11:1-15. (Ref. 58839) Lavenberg, R.J., J.S. Grove and J.A. Seigel0 Conservation alert: Status of fisheries for Galápagos sharks, with a checklist of known species. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. (Ref. 58896) Begliomini, B.0 Requins de Tahiti et ses îles. Collection Survol. Edition au vent des îles. (Ref. 58996) Saeger, J. (ed.)0 Results of the Samar Sea trawl survey. Tech. Rep. Dep. Mar. Fish. Univ. Philipp. Visayas. (3):191 p. (Ref. 68348) George, M.R. and H. Zidowitz0 Checkliste der europäischen Knorpelfischarten mit wissenschaftlichen und deutschen Namen. Z. Fischk. Bd. 8 Heft 1/2:71-81. (Ref. 74429) Wirtz, P., R. Fricke and M.J. Biscoito0 The coastal fishes of Madeira Island - new records and an annotated check-list. Zootaxa 1715:1-26. (Ref. 74541) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of March 2009. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in March 2009. (Ref. 80565) Menezes, N.A., P.A. Buckup, J.L. Figueiredo and R.L. Moura0 Catálogo das espécies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. São Paulo. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 160 pp. (Ref. 80860) Bonfil, R.0 The biology and ecology of the silky shark, <i>Carcharhinus falciformis</i>. p. 114-127. In M.D. Canhi, E.K. Pikitch and E.A. Babcock (eds.) Sharks of the open ocean; biology, fisheries and conservation. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. (Ref. 82837) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Golani, D. and S. V. Bogorodsky0 The fishes of the Red Sea - reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa 2463:1-135. (Ref. 84159) Seeto, J. and W.J. Baldwin0 A checklist of the fishes of Fiji and a bibliography of Fijian fish. Division of Marine Studies Technical Report 1/2010. The University of the South Pacific. Suva, Fiji. 102 p. (Ref. 85272) Department of Fisheries Malaysia0 Valid local name of Malaysian marine fishes. Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. 180 p. (Ref. 85449) Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources0 Major marine fish types by commercial group. http://www.fisheries.gov.lk. (Ref. 85538) McVean, A.R., R.C.J. Walker and E. Fanning0 The traditional shark fisheries of southwest Madagascar: a study in the Toliara region. Fish. Res. 82:280-289. (Ref. 85553) Eschmeyer, W.N. and Fricke R. (eds.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated internet version of 29 March 2011. Catalog databases of CAS cited in FishBase (website). (Ref. 86697) Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez0 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942) Henderson, A.C. and A.J. Reeve0 Noteworthy elasmobranch records from Oman. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 33(1): 171-175. (Ref. 87400) Ono, R. and D.J. Addison0 Ethnoecology and Tokelauan fishing lore from Atafu Atoll, Tokelau. SPC Traditional Marine Resource Management and Knowledge Information Bulletin 26: 3-22. (Ref. 87813) Maguire, J.-J., M. Sissenwine, J. Csirke, R. Grainger and S. Garcia0 The state of world highly migratory, straddling and other high seas fishery resources and associated species. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 495. Rome: FAO. 84p. (Ref. 87829) Luiz, O.J. and A.J. Edwards0 Extinction of a shark population in the Archipelago of Saint Paul’s Rocks (equatorial Atlantic) inferred from the historical record. Biological Conservation 144 (2011):2873-2881. (Ref. 88827) Waite, E.R.0 A list of the known fishes of Kermadec and Norfolk Islands, and a comparison with those of Lord Howe Island. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 42:370-383. (Ref. 89275) Bacchet, P., T. Zysman and Y. Lefèvre0 Guide des poissons de Tahiti et ses îles. Tahiti (Polynésie Francaise): Éditions Au Vent des Îles. 608 p. (Ref. 89972) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Wirtz, P., A. Brito, J.M. Falcón, R. Freitas, R. Fricke, V. Monteiro, F. Reiner and O. Tariche0 The coastal fishes of the Cape Verde Islands - new records and an annotated check-list. Spixiana 36(1):113-142. (Ref. 94080) McCosker, J.E. and R.H. Rosenblatt0 The fishes of the Galápagos archipelago: An update. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 61[4(Suppl.2)]:167-195. (Ref. 94512) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Psomadakis, P.N., S. Giustino and M. Vacchi0 Mediterranean fish biodiversity: an updated inventory with focus on the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas. Zootaxa 3263:1-46. (Ref. 95871) Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden and J.S. Nelson0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada and Mexico, 7th edition. Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, 384 p. (Ref. 96293) Love, M.S., C.W. Mecklenburg, T.A. Mecklenburg and L.K. Thorsteinson0 Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Seattle, Washington, 98104. (Ref. 96339) Wickel, J., A. Jamon, M. Pinault, P. Durville and P. Chabanet0 Composition et structure des peuplements ichtyologiques marins de l’île de Mayotte (sud-ouest de l’océan Indien). Cybium 38(3):179-203. (Ref. 97629) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Lisney, T.J. and S.P. Collin0 Brain morphology in large pelagic fishes: a comparison between sharks and teleosts. J. Fish Biol. 68(2):532-554. (Ref. 101297) Haribon0 List of reef-associated species in Lanuza Bay. Haribon's surveys in and outside of MPAs from 2002 to 2009. Manuscript. (Ref. 104756) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi0 Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi. http://term.eki.ee/termbase/view/7351963/ (Ref. 105574) Cheung, W.L., R. Watson and D. Pauly0 Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch. Nature 497:365-368. (Ref. 107945) Misselis, C.0 La biodiversité du pélagos et du benthos profond dans l'archipel des Australes. p. 69-79 Salvat, B.; Bambridge, T.; Tanret, D.; Petit, J. 2015 Environnement marin des îles Australes, Polynésie française. Institut Récifs Coralliens Pacifique, CRIOBE et The Pew Charitable Trusts Polynésie française. Polynésie française, Tahiti, p. 342. (Ref. 108053) Alava, M.N.R., J.P.A. Gaudiano, J.A. Utzurrum, E.E.C. Capuli, M.T.R. Aquino, M.M.A. Luchavez-Maypa and M.D. Santos0 Pating Ka Ba? An identification guide to sharks , batoids and chimaeras of the Philippines. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources - National Fisheries Research and Development Institute and Marine Wildlife Watch of the Philippines. 200 p. (Ref. 110893) Torres, F. Jr.0 Species list for the five municipalities in Southern Palawan. Personal Communication [31/03/17]. (Ref. 114805) Hobbs, J.-P.A., A.M. Ayling, H. Choat, J.J. Gilligan, C.A. McDonald, J. Neilson and S.J. Newman0 New records of marine fishes illustrate the biogeographic importance of Christmas island, Indian ocean. Zootaxa 2422:63-68. (Ref. 114977) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) CITES, UNEP-WCMC0 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 04 April 2017. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 01/08/2017]. (Ref. 115941) CMFRI0 Annual report 2014-15. Central Marine Fisheries Institute, Cochin. 353 p. (Ref. 116140) Yopak, K., T.J. Lisney, S.P. Collin and J.C. Montgomery0 Variation in brain organization and cerebellar foliation in Chondrichthyans: sharks and holocephalans. Brain Behav. Evol. 69:280-300. (Ref. 117392) Joung, S.-J., C.-T. Chen, H.-H. Lee and K.-M. Liu0 Age, growth, and reproduction of silky sharks, <i>Carcharhinus falciformis</i>, in northeastern Taiwan waters. Fisheries Research. 90(1-3):78-85. (Ref. 117721) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) CITES, UNEP-WCMC0 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 04 October 2017. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 08/17/2017]. (Ref. 118484) Kumar R.R., Venu S., Akhilesh K.V., Bineesh K.K. and Rajan P.T.0 First report of four deep-sea chondrichthyans (Elasmobranchii and Holocephali) from Andaman waters, India with an updated checklist from the region. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 48(3):289-301. (Ref. 118627) Palomares, M.L.D., R. Froese, B. Derrick, S.-L. Nöel, G. Tsui, J. Woroniak and D. Pauly0 A preliminary global assessment of the status of exploited marine fish and invertebrate populations. A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 64. (Ref. 118628) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Flores-Martínez, I.A., Y.E. Torres-Rojas, F. Galván-Magaña and J. Ramos-Miranda0 Diet comparison between silky sharks (<i>Carcharhinus falciformis</i>) and scalloped hammerhead sharks (<i>Sphyrna lewini</i>) off the south-west coast of Mexico. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97(2):337-345. (Ref. 121211) Friedlander, A.M., J.E. Caselle, E. Ballesteros, E.K. Brown, A. Turchik and E. Sala0 The real bounty: marine biodiversity in the Pitcairn Islands. PLoS ONE 9(6):e100142. (Ref. 121505) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) University of Western Australia0 Pelagic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 121799) ECoF, Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes0 Catalog of Fishes. 1985 - onwards. <b>CITATION NOT TO BE USED OUTSIDE FISHBASE. SEE REMARKS</b>. Authorship varies in time: Eschmeyer, W.N.; Fricke, R.; Van der Laan, R. Web database. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp (Ref. 123477) Garcés, H.0 Lista sistemática preliminar de los peces marinos comerciales del Pacifico de Panama. Tecnociencia, 23(1):198-237. (Ref. 123526) Tsikliras, A.C. and D. Dimarchopoulou0 Filling in knowledge gaps: Length-weight relations of 46 uncommon sharks and rays (Elasmobranchii) in the Mediterranean Sea. Acta Ichthyol. et Pisc. 51(3):249-255. (Ref. 124786) Galván-Tirado, C., F. Galvan-Magaña and R.I. Ochoa-Báez0 Reproductive biology of the silky shark <i>Carcharhinus falciformis</i> in the southern Mexican Pacific. J. Mar. Biolog. Assoc. U.K. 95(3):561-567. (Ref. 126775) Hoyos-Padilla, E.M., B.P. Ceballos-Vázquez and F. Galván-Magaña0 Reproductive biology of silky shark <i>Carcharhinus falciformis</i> off the west coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology. 18(1):15-24. (Ref. 126796) Fermon, Y., N. Bailly, F. Cardiec, R. Causse, E. Chartrain, L. Chirio, G. De Bruyne, P. Deynat, C.D. Hopkins, A. Lamboj, M.I. Mennesson, J.-H. Mve Beh, D. Paugy, B. Sidlauskas, J.P. Sullivan, J.-P. Van de Weghe, T.R. Vigliotta and Van der Zee0 An annotated checklist of the fishes of Gabon. Cybium 46(2-3):69-317. (Ref. 127434) Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini0 Atlas of exotic fishes in the Mediterranean Sea. Second edition. [F. Briand, Ed.]. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco, 365 pages. (Ref. 127989) Oshitani, S., H. Nakano and S.H.O. Tanaka0 Age and growth of the silky shark <i>Carcharhinus falciformis</i> from the Pacific Ocean. Fisheries Science 69(3):456-464. (Ref. 128056) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 11 January 2023 and 25 November 2023. UNEP. (Ref. 128078) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Clarke, C., J.S.E. Lea and R.F.G. Ormond0 Reef-use and residency patterns of a baited population of silky sharks, <i>Carcharhinus falciformis</i>, in the Red Sea. Marine and Freshwater Research 62(6):668. (Ref. 130144) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals-CMS0 Appendices I and II of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). http://www.cms.int/en/species. (Ref. 131118) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III. UNEP. (Ref. 131153) Guillaume, M.M.M. and B. Séret0 Observations of sharks (Elasmobranchii) at Europa Island, a remote marine protected area important for shark conservation in the southern Mozambique Channel. PLoS ONE 16(10):e0253867. (Ref. 132289) Béarez, P. and L. Bouffandeau0 Fishing for survival: The forgotten slaves of Tromelin Island (Indian Ocean). Int J Osteoarchaeol. 29:487-498. (Ref. 137464) FB-pic-868-4128 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-29 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=868 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cafal_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Cafal_u1.gif FB-pic-868-8502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-14 2000-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=868 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cafal_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Cafal_u0.jpg FB-pic-868-10425 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=868 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cafal_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Cafal_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=868 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Found abundantly near the edge of continental and insular shelves, but also in the open sea and occasionally inshore (Ref. 244). Often found in deepwater reefs and near insular slopes (Ref. 244). Littoral and epipelagic, in the open sea or near the bottom at 18-500 m (Ref. 58302). It is quick-moving and aggressive (Ref. 244). Solitary (Ref. 26340); often associated with schools of tuna (Ref. 244). Feeds mainly on fishes, but also squid, paper nautiluses, and pelagic crabs (Ref. 244; 37816). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Regarded as dangerous to humans (Ref. 9997). Flesh utilized fresh and dried-salted for human consumption; its hide for leather; its fin for shark-fin soup; its liver for oil (Ref. 244). 2 to 14 young, 73 to 87 cm, are born per litter (Ref. 1602). Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244) FB-DiagnosticDescr-868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-05 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=868 A large, slim shark with a moderately long, flat and rounded snout, large eyes, small jaws, and oblique-cusped teeth with serrations; 2nd dorsal fin low and with greatly elongated rear tip (Ref. 5578). Grey or bluish-grey above, white below; no conspicuous fin markings (Ref. 5578). Only Carcharhinus species with an interdorsal ridge that has the dorsal fin origin behind the free rear tip of the pectoral fin (Ref. 26938). Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) FB-Morphology-868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-05 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=868 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0 Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) FB-Distribution-868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-07-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=868 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Circumtropical. Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to southern Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea to Uruguay (Ref. 244, 58839). Eastern Atlantic: Spain, Madeira to northern Angola; St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121); Cape Verde (Ref. 34514). Indo-Pacific: scattered records from the Red Sea and Natal, South Africa (Ref. 5578) to China, New Zealand, and the Caroline, Hawaiian, Phoenix and Line islands. Eastern Pacific: southern Baja California, Mexico to northern Chile. Highly migratory species. Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244) FB-Uses-868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=868 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: highly commercial; price category: high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) FB-Migration-868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=868 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Maguire, J.-J., M. Sissenwine, J. Csirke, R. Grainger and S. Garcia 2006 The state of world highly migratory, straddling and other high seas fishery resources and associated species. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 495. Rome: FAO. 84p. (Ref. 87829) FB-LifeCycle-868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=868&StockCode=884 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449). 2-15 pups (Ref. 6871, 37816) born at 57-87 cm TL (Ref. 9997); 1-16 pups born at 55-72 cm TL. Females appear to breed every year, but there appears to be no reproductive seasonality (Ref. 58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-02-27 00:00:00 2022-12-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public falciformis Viviparous. Fish is main food source but occasionally eats cephalopods and pelagic crustaceans (Ref. 127989). Often found over deepwater reefs and near insular slopes. When approached by divers, individuals have been seen to perform a 'hunch display', with back arched, head raised and caudal fin lowered, possibly as a defensive threat display. Associated with schools of tuna, causing damage to nets and catches. Referred to as the `net-eater shark' in the tropical eastern Pacific. Also in Ref. 9137. Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244) FB-Size-868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=868 350 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9997)); max. published weight: 346.0 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 25 years (Ref. 31395) Compagno, L.J.V. and V.H. Niem 1998 Carcharhinidae. Requiem sharks. p. 1312-1360. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Vol. 2. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 9997) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Smith, S.W., D.W. Au and C. Show 1998 Intrinsic rebound potential of 26 species of Pacific sharks. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 49:663-678. (Ref. 31395) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=868 reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 87829); marine; depth range 0 - 4000 m (Ref. 55180), usually 0 - 500 m (Ref. 6871) Maguire, J.-J., M. Sissenwine, J. Csirke, R. Grainger and S. Garcia 2006 The state of world highly migratory, straddling and other high seas fishery resources and associated species. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 495. Rome: FAO. 84p. (Ref. 87829) Florida Museum of Natural History 2005 Biological profiles: silky shark. Retrieved on 26 August 2005, from www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/silkyshark/silkyshark.html. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History: Education-Biological Profiles. FLMNH, University of Florida. (Ref. 55180) Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)