FB-8726 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8726 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Alphestes Alphestes afer (Bloch, 1793) Alfesta Badejo Cerigado-vermelho Garoupa Garaçapé Garoupa-gato Garoupa-rajada Gato Peixe-gato Pirapiranga Pira-piranga Pirá-piranga Sapa Sapá Sapé Sapé-pintado Sapê-pintado Serigado-vermelho Sulalepa Sulapeba Cherna Coney Guaseta Hamlet Mossfish Mossy grouper Mutton hamlet Red nigger hamlet Small grouper Atlandi oinaskoha Oinas-alfestes Varech гуазета черна Aceituna Cherna Cherne Guaseta Mantequilla Mero Olitu 加勒比鴛鴛鮨 加勒比鸳鸳鮨 非洲石斑魚 非洲石斑鱼 Alphestes fasciatus (non Hildebrand, 1946) Alphestes galapagensis (non Fowler, 1944) Alphestes immaculatus (non Breder, 1936) Epinephelus afer Bloch, 1793 Epinephelus lightfooti Fowler, 1907 Plectropoma chloropterum Cuvier, 1828 Plectropoma monacanthus Müller & Troschel, 1848 1994-01-26 2013-12-06 Thompson, R. and J.L. Munro0 The biology, ecology and bionomics of the hinds and groupers, Serranidae. p.59-81. In J.L. Munro (ed.) Caribbean coral reef fishery resources. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 7. (Ref. 29) Randall, J.E.0 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. (Ref. 33) Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Thompson, R. and J.L. Munro0 Aspects of the biology and ecology of Caribbean reef fishes: Serranidae (hinds and groupers). J. Fish Biol. 12(2):115-146. (Ref. 1784) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 Catalog of the genera of recent fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA. 697 p. 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Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra0 Groupers of the world: a field and market guide. North America: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group, xix, 356 p., A47 pages appendix. (Ref. 89707) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Trindade-Santos, I. and K.M.F. Freire0 Analysis of reproductive patterns of fishes from three large marine ecosystems. Front. Mar. Sci. 2:38. (Ref. 103182) Sadovy de Mitcheson, Y. and M. Liu0 Functional hermaphroditism in teleosts. Fish Fish. 9(1):1-43. (Ref. 103751) Freitas, M.O., R.L de Moura, R.B. Francini-Filho and C.V. Minte-Vera0 Spawning patterns of commercially important reef fish (Lutjanidae and Serranidae) in the tropical western South Atlantic. Sci. Mar. 75(1):135-146. (Ref. 104464) Marques, S. and B.P. Ferreira0 Sexual development and reproductive pattern of the Mutton hamlet, <i>Alphestes afer</i> (Teleostei: Epinephelidae): a dyandric, hermaphroditic reef fish. Neotrop. Ichthyol. 9(3):547-558. (Ref. 104521) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi0 Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi. http://term.eki.ee/termbase/view/7351963/ (Ref. 105574) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Eduardo, L.N., T. Frédou, A.S. Lira, L.V.S. Silva, B.P. Ferreira, A. Bertrand, F. Ménard and F. Lucena-Frédou0 Length-weight relationship of thirteen demersal fishes from the tropical Brazilian continental shelf. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 35:590-593. (Ref. 124459) Harborne, A.0 Fish and coral species lists compiled by Coral Cay Conservation: Belize 1990-1998. Coral Cay Conservation, 26p. (Ref. 128811) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-8726-11180 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-05-25 1996-05-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8726 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Alafe_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Alafe_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-8726 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-01-26 00:00:00 2013-12-06 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8726 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology A solitary species (Ref. 26340) occurring in seagrass habitats. Sedentary during the day, hiding in crevices or lying among seaweed, sometimes partly covering itself with sand while lying on its side. Nocturnal feeders of benthic crustaceans. Estimated eggs per fish is from 157512 to 223706 (Ref. 29). Small, colorful group; a sequential hermaphrodite (Ref. 26938). Has been traded as an aquarium fish at Ceará, Brazil (Ref. 49392). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-8726 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-12-11 00:00:00 2013-08-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8726 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Diagnosis: Body depth is slightly less than head length, depth contained 2.4-3.1 (2.9) in standard length; caudal peduncle depth 7.0-9.0 (8.5) times in SL; eye diameter greater than or equal to snout length and 8.1-15.0 (13) times in SL; snout length 10.1-16.0 (16.0) times in SL; preopercle rounded, posterior edge serrate, with a large antrorse spine at the angle directed downward and forward and usually covered with skin. Gill rakers 5-8 (7) on upper limb, 14-17 (16) on lower limb, 19-25 (23) total, including rudiments. Dorsal fin with XI spines and 17 to 20 (18) soft rays, anal fin with III spines and 9, rarely 10 (10) soft rays; pectoral fins with 16 - 18 (17) rays; caudal fin rounded, with 15 branched rays. Scales are smooth. Lateral-line scales 49-66; lateral scale series 68 – 88 (76). Color in life; head, body, and median fins olivaceous or light brown, irregularly blotched and barred with dark brown. Some individuals are densely spotted with orange; head, body, and all fins often with scattered white spots; body sometimes covered with scattered small black dots; pectoral fins may be orange or yellow with faint dark reticulations (Ref. 57865); Color in market: almost similar to color in life but general body color may fade to a pale drab cream, also spots and reticulations may fade (Ref. 89707). Craig, M.T., P. Bartsch, P. Wirtz and P.C. Heemstra 2006 Redescription and validation of <i>Alphestes afer</i> (Bloch 1793) as an amphi-Atlantic grouper species (Perciformes: Serranidae). Cybium 30(4):327-331. (Ref. 57865) FB-Morphology-8726 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-12-11 00:00:00 2013-08-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8726 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17 - 20; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9 - 10 Craig, M.T., P. Bartsch, P. Wirtz and P.C. Heemstra 2006 Redescription and validation of <i>Alphestes afer</i> (Bloch 1793) as an amphi-Atlantic grouper species (Perciformes: Serranidae). Cybium 30(4):327-331. (Ref. 57865) FB-Distribution-8726 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-01-26 00:00:00 2021-06-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8726 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Western Atlantic: Bermuda, south Florida (USA), Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas, Cuba, West Indies, Panama, Venezuela, and southward to the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Alphestes afer has recently been re-discovered at São Tomé in the Gulf of Guinea of the Eastern Atlantic. Craig, M.T., P. Bartsch, P. Wirtz and P.C. Heemstra 2006 Redescription and validation of <i>Alphestes afer</i> (Bloch 1793) as an amphi-Atlantic grouper species (Perciformes: Serranidae). Cybium 30(4):327-331. (Ref. 57865) FB-Uses-8726 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-01-26 00:00:00 2013-12-06 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8726 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: very high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) Monteiro-Neto, C., F.E.A. Cunha, M.C. Nottingham, M.E. Araújo, I.L. Rosa and G.M.L. Barros 2003 Analysis of the marine ornamental fish trade at Ceará State, northeast Brazil. Biodivers. Conserv. 12:1287-1295. (Ref. 49392) FB-LifeCycle-8726 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Daniel Pauly 1994-01-26 00:00:00 2013-12-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=8726&StockCode=9048 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Protogyny is unconfirmed for this species (Ref. 103751). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Size-8726 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-01-26 00:00:00 2013-12-06 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8726 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 33.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5222)) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-8726 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-01-26 00:00:00 2013-12-06 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8726 reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 2 - 30 m (Ref. 9710) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)