FB-8972 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8972 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Pleuronectiformes Cynoglossidae Paraplagusia Paraplagusia japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Black cow-tongue Black tongue fish Kuro-ushinoshita Shitabirame Hǔk-tae-gi 흑대기 Rì běn xū tǎ 日本须鳎 日本鬚鰨 Plagusia japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 Rhinoplagusia japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) 1994-03-05 2021-08-12 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Kailola, P.J.0 The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. III. Gobiidae to Molidae. Research Bulletin No. 41, Research Section, Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua New Guinea. 153 p. (Ref. 6771) Chapleau, F., C.B. Renaud and P.J. Kailola0 <i>Paraplagusia longirostris</i>, a new flatfish (Cynoglosidae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 38(3):239-244. (Ref. 9224) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937) Yamada, U., S. Shirai, T. Irie, M. Tokimura, S. Deng, Y. Zheng, C. Li, Y.U. Kim and Y.S. Kim0 Names and illustrations of fishes from the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Overseas Fishery Cooperation Foundation, Tokyo, Japan. 288 p. (Ref. 11230) Chapleau, F. and C.B. Renaud0 <i>Paraplagusia sinerama</i> (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae), a new Indo-Pacific tongue sole with a revised key to species of the genus. Copeia 1993(3):798-807. (Ref. 11691) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282) Arkhipchuk, V.V.0 Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. (Ref. 30184) Ni, I.-H. and K.-Y. Kwok0 Marine fish fauna in Hong Kong waters. Zool. Stud. 38(2):130-152. (Ref. 31075) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Li, S. and H. Wang0 Fauna Sinica, Osteichthyes. Pleuronectiformes. 433p. Fauna Sinica series. Beijing: Science Press. (Ref. 33837) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648) Sakamoto, K. and S. Nishikawa0 Chromosomes of three flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes). Jap. J. Ichthyol. 27(3):268-272. (Ref. 37154) Huh, S.H. and Y.R. An0 Species composition and seasonal variation of fish assemblage in the coastal water off Gadeok-do, Korea. J. Korean Fish. Soc. 33(4):288-301. (Ref. 37629) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Hsieh, C.H. and T.S. Chiu0 Summer spatial distribution of copepods and fish larvae in relation to hydrography in the northern Taiwan Strait. Zool. Stud. 41(1):85-98. (Ref. 43099) Shao, K.-T., J.-P. Chen, P.-H. Kao and C.-Y. Wu0 Fish fauna and their geographical distribution along the western coast of Taiwan. Acata Zoologica Taiwanica 4(2):113-140. (Ref. 43515) Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843) Chen, C.-H.0 Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication No. 4. 175 p. (Ref. 55073) Inoue, T., Y. Suda and M. Sano0 Food habits of fishes in the surf zone of a sandy beach at Sanrimatsubara, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Ichthyol. Res. 52:9-14. (Ref. 56037) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Azevedo, M.F.C., C. Oliveira, B.G. Pardo, P. Martinez and F. Foresti0 Cytogenetic characterization of six species of flatfishes with comments to karyotype differentiation patterns in Pleuronectiformes (Teleostei). J. Fish Biol. 70(Suppl.A):1-15. (Ref. 72412) Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim0 Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyo-Hak Pub Co. Seoul. 615p. (in Korean). (Ref. 77001) Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350. In Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194) Chen, F., H. Zhang, Z. Fang, A. Guo, R. Jiang, W. Zhu and Y. Zhou0 Length-weight relationships for 15 fish species in the East China Sea mainly captured by the commercial fishery and subelemented by survey samples. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 36:536-538. (Ref. 124479) Xu, Q., L.-L. Zhang, Q.-Q. Ren, Y. Jiang and M. Liu0 Length-weight relationships of 11 fish species from the Min River Estuary and its adjacent waters, Fujian Province, China. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 36(5):750-752. (Ref. 124713) Leung, A.W.Y.0 The impact of dredging and fishing on the benthic fish fauna of the southeastern waters of Hong Kong. pp. 437-461 In B. Morton (ed.) The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China IV, Proceedings of the Eight International Marine Biological Workshop, Hong Kong, 2-20 April 1995. Hong Kong University Press. (Ref. 126308) FB-GeneralDescr-8972 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1994-03-05 00:00:00 2021-08-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8972 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Occurs near shore (including semi-enclosed sea areas) on sandy mud bottoms (Ref. 11230). Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-DiagnosticDescr-8972 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-02-11 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8972 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Caudal vertebrae 41-44; mid-lateral line scales 88-110 (Ref. 11691). Chapleau, F., C.B. Renaud and P.J. Kailola 1991 <i>Paraplagusia longirostris</i>, a new flatfish (Cynoglosidae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 38(3):239-244. (Ref. 9224) FB-Morphology-8972 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-02-11 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8972 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal soft rays (total): 105 - 119; Analsoft rays: 84 - 97 Chapleau, F., C.B. Renaud and P.J. Kailola 1991 <i>Paraplagusia longirostris</i>, a new flatfish (Cynoglosidae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 38(3):239-244. (Ref. 9224) FB-Distribution-8972 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1994-03-05 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8972 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Western Pacific: Japan and Korea to Taiwan (Ref. 559) and Papua New Guinea (Ref. 6771). Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-Uses-8972 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1994-03-05 00:00:00 2021-08-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8972 fisheries: commercial Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-Size-8972 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1994-03-05 00:00:00 2021-08-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8972 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy 36.2 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 124479)); max. published weight: 258 g (Ref. 124479) Chen, F., H. Zhang, Z. Fang, A. Guo, R. Jiang, W. Zhu and Y. Zhou 2020 Length-weight relationships for 15 fish species in the East China Sea mainly captured by the commercial fishery and subelemented by survey samples. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 36:536-538. (Ref. 124479) Chen, F., H. Zhang, Z. Fang, A. Guo, R. Jiang, W. Zhu and Y. Zhou 2020 Length-weight relationships for 15 fish species in the East China Sea mainly captured by the commercial fishery and subelemented by survey samples. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 36:536-538. (Ref. 124479) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-8972 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1994-03-05 00:00:00 2021-08-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8972 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats demersal; marine; depth range 20 - 65 m (Ref. 11230) Yamada, U., S. Shirai, T. Irie, M. Tokimura, S. Deng, Y. Zheng, C. Li, Y.U. Kim and Y.S. Kim 1995 Names and illustrations of fishes from the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Overseas Fishery Cooperation Foundation, Tokyo, Japan. 288 p. (Ref. 11230)