FB-9228 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9228 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Hyporthodus Hyporthodus exsul (Fowler, 1944) 10-spine grouper Tenspine grouper Mérou dix épines Lokos Cabrilla diez espinas Cherna pintada Merete pintado Mero diez espinas 巴拿馬石斑魚 巴拿马石斑鱼 Epinephelus exsul (Fowler, 1944) Epinephelus nigritus (non Holbrook, 1855) Serrihastaperca exsul Fowler, 1944 1994-03-29 2013-10-24 Eschmeyer, W.N.0 Catalog of the genera of recent fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA. 697 p. (Ref. 1830) Fowler, H.W.0 Results of the fifth George Vanderbilt expedition (1941) (Bahamas, Caribbean Sea, Panama, Galapagos Archipelago and Mexican Pacific Islands). The Fishes. Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (6):57-529. (Ref. 2466) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) Heemstra, P.C.0 Serranidae. Meros, serranos, guasetas, enjambres, baquetas, indios, loros, gallinas, cabrillas, garropas. p. 1565-1613. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9342) Dauzat, A., J. Dubois and H. Mitterand0 Nouveau dictionnaire étymologique et historique. Librairie Larousse (Canada), 805 p. (Ref. 9404) Baillie, J. and B. Groombridge (eds.)0 1996 IUCN red list of threatened animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 378 p. (Ref. 12255) Escobar-Fernández, R. and M. Siri0 Nombres vernáculos y científicos de los peces del Pacífico mexicano. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Sociedad Ictiológica Mexicana, A.C. Mexico. (Ref. 27736) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM). (Ref. 36508) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings0 A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414) Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra0 Groupers of the world: a field and market guide. North America: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group, xix, 356 p., A47 pages appendix. (Ref. 89707) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Garcés, H.0 Lista sistemática preliminar de los peces marinos comerciales del Pacifico de Panama. Tecnociencia, 23(1):198-237. (Ref. 123526) FB-pic-9228-5468 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-08-17 1996-04-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9228 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epexs_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Epexs_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-9228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-03-29 00:00:00 2013-10-24 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9228 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats One juvenile examined came from a depth of 55 m. Reef-associated inhabiting depths of at least 55 m (Ref. 89707). Apparently too rare to be of commercial interest. Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings 2007 A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414) FB-DiagnosticDescr-9228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-10 00:00:00 2013-10-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9228 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Distinguished by the following characteristics: adults dark brown without distinct markings; juveniles dark brown with several white spots and occasionally paler caudal fin; depth of body contained 2.3 times in SL; head length 2.2-2.3 times in SL; convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, enlarged serrae at angle and with or without few small serrae on lower edge; smooth interopercle and subopercle; posterior nostrils larger than anterior nostrils and shaped like an inverted tear drop; maxilla reaches vertical at rear edge of eye (Ref. 89707). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Morphology-9228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-10 00:00:00 2013-10-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9228 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 14; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Distribution-9228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-03-29 00:00:00 2019-02-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9228 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Eastern Central Pacific: Gulf of California to Panama. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-9228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-03-29 00:00:00 2013-10-24 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9228 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: subsistence fisheries Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Size-9228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-03-29 00:00:00 2013-10-24 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9228 125 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 89707)) Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra 2011 Groupers of the world: a field and market guide. North America: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group, xix, 356 p., A47 pages appendix. (Ref. 89707) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-9228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-03-29 00:00:00 2013-10-24 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9228 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats demersal; marine; depth range 55 - ? m (Ref. 89707) Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra 2011 Groupers of the world: a field and market guide. North America: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group, xix, 356 p., A47 pages appendix. (Ref. 89707)