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(Ref. 128868) FB-GeneralDescr-9334 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-04-14 00:00:00 2008-02-11 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9334 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Found over sandy and muddy bottoms. Feeds on bottom-living invertebrates and fishes. Ovoviviparous, gestation about 4 months and about 6 to 9 young are produced. McEachran, J.D. and C. Capapé 1984 Dasyatidae. p. 197-202. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3169) FB-Distribution-9334 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-04-14 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9334 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Northeast Atlantic: known only from the Mediterranean. Validity of this species questioned in Compagno's 1999 checklist (Ref. 35766). McEachran, J.D. and C. Capapé 1984 Dasyatidae. p. 197-202. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3169) FB-LifeCycle-9334 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-04-14 00:00:00 2008-02-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=9334&StockCode=9656 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-9334 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-12-14 00:00:00 2000-12-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public tortonesei http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Found over sandy and muddy bottoms. Feeds on bottom-living invertebrates and fishes. McEachran, J.D. and C. Capapé 1984 Dasyatidae. p. 197-202. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3169) FB-Size-9334 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-04-14 00:00:00 2008-02-11 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9334 80.0 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3169)) McEachran, J.D. and C. Capapé 1984 Dasyatidae. p. 197-202. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3169) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-9334 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-04-14 00:00:00 2008-02-11 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9334 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats demersal; marine; depth range 100 - 200 m (Ref. 51024) Hureau, J.-C. and T. Monod (eds.) 1979 Supplement. Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean. p.339-394. In J.-C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean.United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, France. Vols 1-2. 683 p. (Ref. 51024)