FB-9918 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9918 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Mugiliformes Mugilidae Parachelon Parachelon grandisquamis (Valenciennes, 1836) Mugil wielkoluski Tainha-escamuda Kæmpeskællet multe Large-scale mullet Largescaled mullet Gesu Mulet Mulet à grandes écailles Mulet écailleux Cax Cax mbeer Kakandia Kakanja Khir Savour Liza escamuda Ekakanja Fane Kakanjo Koli Lobá Nsounza Ofadadd Sinndé Sourane Tambadiangho Tchisounza Zoule 少鱗鮻 少鳞鮻 Liza grandisquamis (Valenciennes, 1836) Mugil compressus (non Günther, 1861) Mugil grandisquamis Valenciennes, 1836 Mugil grandisquammis (Valenciennes, 1836) Mugil hypselopterus Günther, 1861 Mugil productus Fischer, 1885 Mugil schlegeli Bleeker, 1863 Mugil schlegelii Bleeker, 1863 1994-05-03 2024-04-16 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Schneider, W.0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. 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Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9918 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ligra_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Ligra_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-9918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-05-03 00:00:00 2024-04-16 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9918 Very common in lagoons and estuaries; an extremely euryhaline species (from 0-66‰), but preferring areas close to the sea in estuaries and lagoons (Ref. 57400), often with muddy substrates (Ref. 81659). Inhabits shallow coastal waters, estuaries and brackish lagoons (Ref. 2683), including mangroves (Ref. 2683, 81659), creeks, estuaries, inundated mudflats (Ref. 81659) and freshwater rivers (Ref. 7399). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Maximum reported size 297 mm FL, but possibly up to 400 mm (Ref. 57400, 81659). Thomson, J.M. 1990 Mugilidae. p. 855-859. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7399) FB-DiagnosticDescr-9918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 2012-12-12 00:00:00 2017-10-31 23:18:07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9918 Diagnosis: 8-9 anal soft rays; anal fin and lower lobe of caudal fin yellowish (Ref. 57400). Scales large, 25-30 (usually 27-29) in a longitudinal series (excluding scales on caudal fin base)(Ref. 57400, 81659), 8-10.5 scale rows between pelvic and first dorsal fins (Ref. 81659). Body with ctenoid scales, except for anterior predorsal scales which are cycloid and extend to anterior nostril or slightly beyond; scales usually with only 1 groove (some predorsal scales with 2 or rarely 3 small grooves); posterior end of maxilla sigmoid, curved down over premaxilla; serrate, anteroventral edge of lachrymal distinctly concave; pharyngobranchial organ with 2 valves, anteroventral valve usually a small, finger-like process, sometimes with fringe of smaller processes or papillae positioned ventrally at base, posterodorsal valve usually a small, squarish flap which is fimbriate, terminating in 2-3 short filaments (Ref. 81659).Description: body rather deep (Ref. 81659), elongate, moderately compressed, reaching its greatest depth at level of anal-fin origin (Ref. 57400). Head broad; interorbital space almost flat (Ref. 57400). Snout blunt (Ref. 81659), long and strongly rounded (length about equal to half of width)(Ref. 57400). No adipose eyelid (Ref. 57400). Upper lip thin and smooth (Ref. 57400). Teeth on both lips either absent or very small, ciliiform, well spaced (Ref. 81659) and in single row or rarely in two rows on upper lip (Ref. 57400, 81659). Hind end of upper jaw reaching a vertical line passing slightly in front of eye margin; maxillary pad visible below corner of mouth when closed (Ref. 57400). Origin of 1st dorsal fin either nearer to caudal-fin base than to snout tip, or equidistant from these two points (Ref. 57400). Second dorsal fin with 9 (rarely 8 or 10) segmented rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 9 segmented rays in adults (1st spine very short and usually hidden by overlying scales), usually 2 spines and 10 segmented rays in juveniles Albaret, J - J. 2003 Mugilidae. p. 601-611 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57400) FB-Morphology-9918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 2012-12-12 00:00:00 2017-10-31 23:18:07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9918 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Analsoft rays: 8 - 9 Albaret, J - J. 2003 Mugilidae. p. 601-611 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57400) FB-Distribution-9918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-05-03 00:00:00 2025-11-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9918 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Eastern Atlantic: West African coast, from the outlet of the River Senegal (Ref. 57400) to Congo, and on the islands of Bioko (Fernando Poo) and Sao Tome (Ref. 81659). Also reported from Mauritania (Ref. 5377). Albaret, J - J. 2003 Mugilidae. p. 601-611 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57400) FB-Uses-9918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-05-03 00:00:00 2024-04-16 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9918 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: commercial Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Ref. 2683) FB-Migration-9918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-05-03 00:00:00 2024-04-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9918 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels. Subdivision of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. McDowall, R.M. 1997 The evolution of diadromy in fishes (revisited) and its place in phylogenetic analysis. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 7(4):443-462. (Ref. 46888) FB-TrophicStrategy-9918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-09-23 00:00:00 2005-10-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public grandisquamis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Inhabits shallow coastal waters, estuaries and brackish lagoons, including mangroves (Ref. 2683) and freshwater rivers (Ref. 7399). Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Ref. 2683) FB-Size-9918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-05-03 00:00:00 2024-04-16 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9918 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 40.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2683)) Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Ref. 2683) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-9918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-05-03 00:00:00 2024-04-16 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9918 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat pelagic-neritic; catadromous (Ref. 46888); freshwater; brackish; marine McDowall, R.M. 1997 The evolution of diadromy in fishes (revisited) and its place in phylogenetic analysis. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 7(4):443-462. (Ref. 46888)