FB-9950 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9950 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Gobiiformes Gobiidae Gnatholepis Gnatholepis cauerensis (Bleeker, 1853) Bridled goby Cauer eye-bar goby Eyebar goby Eye-bar sand-goby Shoulder spot goby Shoulderspot goby Shoulder-spot sandgoby Kataboshi-ômonhaze 'O'opu Bia Cabot sauteur 肩班颔鳞鰕虎 肩斑頜鱗鰕虎魚 肩斑颌鳞鰕虎鱼 肩班頷鱗鰕虎 高伦细棘鰕虎鱼 高伦颌鳞鰕虎鱼 高倫細棘鰕虎魚 高倫頜鱗鰕虎魚 黃點頜鱗鰕虎魚 黄点颌鳞鰕虎鱼 Acentrogobius cauerensis (Bleeker, 1853) Fusigobius scapulostigma (Herre, 1953) Gnatholepis australis Randall & Greenfield, 2001 Gnatholepis cauerensis australis Randall & Greenfield, 2001 Gnatholepis cauerensis cauerensis (Bleeker, 1853) Gnatholepis cauerensis hawaiiensis Randall & Greenfield, 2001 Gnatholepis hawaiiensis Randall & Greenfield, 2001 Gnatholepis inconsequens Whitley, 1958 Gnatholepis scapulostigma Herre, 1953 Gobius cauerensis Bleeker, 1853 1994-05-04 2014-10-20 Herre, A.W.C.T.0 Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. (20):1-977. (Ref. 280) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith0 The fishes of Seychelles. Rhodes University, Grahamstown. 215 p. (Ref. 1623) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene0 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) Herre, A.W.C.T. and A.F. Umali0 English and local common names of Philippine fishes. U. S. Dept. of Interior and Fish and Wildl. Serv. Circular No. 14, U. S. Gov't Printing Office, Washington. 128 p. (Ref. 2857) Maugé, L.A.0 Gobiidae. p. 358-388. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4343) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Shen, S.C. (ed.)0 Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p. (Ref. 5193) Cornic, A.0 Poissons de l'Île Maurice. Editions de l'Océan Indien, Stanley Rose Hill, Ile Maurice. 335 p. (Ref. 5503) Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose0 Food habits of teleostean reef fishes in Okinawa Island, southern Japan. University of Tokyo Bulletin, no. 25. v,128p. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan. 128 p. (Ref. 6110) Kuiter, R.H.0 Tropical reef-fishes of the western Pacific Indonesia and adjacent waters. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta. 314 p. (Ref. 8631) Randall, J.E. and M. Goren0 A review of the gobioid fishes of the Maldives. Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. (58):1-37, 5 pls. (Ref. 9360) Allen, G.R. and W.F. Smith-Vaniz0 Fishes of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Atoll Res. Bull. 412:21 p. (Ref. 9399) Lieske, E. and R. Myers0 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) Randall, J.E. and C. Anderson0 Annotated checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Maldives Islands. Ichthyol. Bull. of the J.L.B. Smith Inst. of Ichthyol. (59):1-47. (Ref. 11303) Kulbicki, M., J.E. Randall and J. Rivaton0 Checklist of the fishes of the Chesterfield Islands (Coral Sea). Micronesica 27(1/2):1-43. (Ref. 11897) Kulbicki, M. and J.T. Williams0 Checklist of the shorefishes of Ouvea Atoll, New Caledonia. Atoll Res. Bull. 444:26 p. (Ref. 13236) Randall, J.E.0 Tahitian fish names and a preliminary checklist of the fishes of the Society Islands. Occas. Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus. 24(11):167-214. (Ref. 13767) Randall, J.E., H. Ida, K. Kato, R.L. Pyle and J.L. Earle0 Annotated checklist of inshore fishes of the Ogasawara Islands. Nat. Sci. Mus. Monogr. (11):1-74. (Ref. 26066) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282) Baensch, H.A. and H. Debelius0 SF457.1 .B3513 1994 Mergus Verlag GmbH, Postfach 86, 49302, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. 3rd edition. (Ref. 27115) McAllister, D.E.0 A working list of fishes of the world. Copies available from D.E. McAllister, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada. 2661 p. plus 1270 p. Index. (Ref. 27116) Kunzmann, A., J.E. Randall and I. Suprihanto0 Checklist of the shore fishes of the Mentawai Islands, Nias Island and the Padang region of West-Sumatra. Naga, ICLARM Q. 22(1):4-10. (Ref. 27157) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene0 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Second Edition. Revised and expanded edition. Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd. 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A rapid biodiversity assessment of the coral reefs of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. RAP Working Papers 11, Conservation International, Washington, D.C. (Ref. 41464) Randall, J.E.0 Report on fish collections from the Pitcairn Islands. Atoll Res. Bull. (461):1-36. (Ref. 41650) Randall, J.E. and D.W. Greenfield0 A preliminary review of the Indo-Pacific gobiid fishes of the genus <i>Gnatholepis</i>. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 69:1-17. (Ref. 41653) Shao, K.-T. and I.-S. Chen0 Seven new records of gobiid fishes from Taiwan. Bull. Inst. Zool. Academia Sinica 32(4):229-235. (Ref. 43541) Kapoor, D., R. Dayal and A.G. Ponniah0 Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, India.775 p. (Ref. 45255) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Allen, G.R. and M. Adrim0 Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72. (Ref. 47567) Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843) Chen, J.-P., R.-Q. Jan and K.-T. Shao0 Checklist of reef fishes from Taiping Island (Itu Aba Island), Spratly Islands, South China Sea. Pac. Sci. 51(2):143-166. (Ref. 48445) Chen, J.-P., K.-T. Shao and C.-P. Lin0 A checklist of reef fishes from the Tungsha Tao (Pratas Island), South China Sea. Acta Zoologica Taiwanica 6(2):13-40. (Ref. 48451) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Werner, T.B. and G.R. Allen0 A rapid marine biodiversity assessment of the Calamianes Islands, Palawan province, Philippines. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 17. Washington, D.C.:Conservation International. (Ref. 48613) Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka0 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 3. Jawfishes - Sunfishes, Opistognathidae - Molidae. Zoonetics, Australia. p. 623-893. (Ref. 48637) Allen, G.R. and R. Steene0 Indo-Pacific coral reef field guide. Tropical Reef Research, Singapore, 378 p. (Ref. 49398) Garpe, K.C. and M.C. Öhman0 Coral and fish distribution patterns in Mafia Island Marine Park, Tanzania: fish-habitat interactions. Hydrobiologia 498:191-211. (Ref. 51015) Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin0 An updated checklist of the marine fish fauna of Reunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean. Cybium 28(3):199-216. (Ref. 53568) Randall, J.E., J.T. Williams, D.G. Smith, M. Kulbicki, G.M. Tham, P. Labrosse, M. Kronen, E. Clua and B.S. Mann0 Checklist of the shore and epipelagic fishes of Tonga. Atoll Res. Bull. Nos. 502. (Ref. 53797) Chen, C.-H.0 Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication No. 4. 175 p. (Ref. 55073) Pereira, M.A.M.0 Preliminary checklist of reef-associated fishes of Mozambique. Maputo, Ministtry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA). 21 pp. (Ref. 57683) Baissac, J. de B.0 SWIOP/WP/54 - Checklist of the marine fishes of Mauritius. RAF/87/008/WP/54/90 Regional Project for the Development & Management of Fisheries in the Southwest Indian Ocean. (Ref. 58078) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Mundy, B.C.0 Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704. (Ref. 58302) Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen0 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez0 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942) Rajan, P.T., C.R. Sreeraj and T. Immanuel0 Fish fauna of coral reef, mangrove, freshwater, offshore and seagrass beds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Haddo, Port Blair. (Ref. 87596) Bacchet, P., T. Zysman and Y. Lefèvre0 Guide des poissons de Tahiti et ses îles. Tahiti (Polynésie Francaise): Éditions Au Vent des Îles. 608 p. (Ref. 89972) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) Larson, H.K. and D.J. Buckle0 A revision of the goby genus <i>Gnatholepis</i> Bleeker (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Gobionellinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3529:1-69. (Ref. 92171) Goren, M.0 Three new species and three new records of gobies from New Caledonia. Cybium 5(3):93-101. (Ref. 97008) Kerr, V.C.0 A rapid marine biodiversity assessment of the coral reefs of the northwest lagoon, between Koumac and Yandé, Province Nord, New Caledonia. BioOne Research Evolved:160-178. (Ref. 101627) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82. In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds). A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) Hazes, B.0 Hazes' underwater photos. Collection of Philippine underwater photos. Unpublished. (Ref. 127519) Chung, A., G.C.L. See, S.Y. Lam, W.H. Yiu and S.K.H. Shea0 Thirty-one new records of reef fish species for Hong Kong waters. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 103:1-13. (Ref. 128223) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) FB-pic-9950-16664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-03-17 2002-09-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9950 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Gncau_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Gncau_u0.jpg FB-pic-9950-16689 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-03-17 2003-01-12 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9950 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Gncau_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Gncau_u4.jpg FB-pic-9950-16690 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1998-03-17 2003-01-12 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9950 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Gncau_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Gncau_u5.jpg FB-pic-9950-27586 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 2000-09-17 2012-11-16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9950 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Gncau_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Gncau_u1.jpg FB-pic-9950-39430 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 2004-06-25 2012-11-16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9950 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Gncau_u7.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Gncau_u7.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-9950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-05-04 00:00:00 2014-10-20 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9950 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution A common species that occurs in sheltered sandy areas from reef flats to seaward reefs; over sandy bottoms near pieces of rubble, rock, or coral (live or dead) (Ref. 9710, 48637, 92171). Solitary or in small groups (Ref. 90102). Feeds on algae, detritus and small benthic invertebrates (Ref. 89972). Larson, H.K. and D.J. Buckle 2012 A revision of the goby genus <i>Gnatholepis</i> Bleeker (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Gobionellinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3529:1-69. (Ref. 92171) FB-DiagnosticDescr-9950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-07 00:00:00 2014-01-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9950 Distinguished by the following characteristics: moderate-sized (up to 56 mm SL) with wide range in live colour pattern; ctenoid body scales usually reaching rear corner of opercle, occasionally ctenoid scales reaching to above rear preopercular margin; nape midline scales always cycloid, distinct flap present at end of lower lip; when alive, colour variable: body translucent white with five to seven rows of small variably coloured (dull orange, brown, red-brown to blackish) spots and/or thin lines and about six indistinct diffuse orange-brown to purple-brown blotches along midside; narrow vertical black mark on top of each eye, marks may join each other across interorbital space, and narrow black vertical line crossing cheek below eye; small dark mark of variable shape (often W-shaped) above pectoral fin base, with small yellow spot in centre; second dorsal and anal fin rays usually I,11; pectoral rays 12-18, modally 16; lateral scales 24-30, modally 27; 7-12 predorsal scales (modally 9) (Ref. 92171). Larson, H.K. and D.J. Buckle 2012 A revision of the goby genus <i>Gnatholepis</i> Bleeker (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Gobionellinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3529:1-69. (Ref. 92171) FB-Morphology-9950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-07 00:00:00 2014-01-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9950 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 7; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11; Analspines: 1; Analsoft rays: 11 Larson, H.K. and D.J. Buckle 2012 A revision of the goby genus <i>Gnatholepis</i> Bleeker (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Gobionellinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3529:1-69. (Ref. 92171) FB-Distribution-9950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-05-04 00:00:00 2024-07-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9950 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Indo-Pacific: widespread from South Africa to Pitcairn I.; in the Pacific north to Miyake-jima, Japan, south to Sydney Harbour, Australia; in the Indian Ocean north to Djibouti (Gulf of Tadjourah) and south to Aliwal Shoal, Kwa-Zulu Natal. Larson, H.K. and D.J. Buckle 2012 A revision of the goby genus <i>Gnatholepis</i> Bleeker (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Gobionellinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3529:1-69. (Ref. 92171) FB-Uses-9950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-05-04 00:00:00 2014-10-20 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9950 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Baensch, H.A. and H. Debelius 1997 SF457.1 .B3513 1994 Mergus Verlag GmbH, Postfach 86, 49302, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. 3rd edition. (Ref. 27115) Baensch, H.A. and H. Debelius 1997 SF457.1 .B3513 1994 Mergus Verlag GmbH, Postfach 86, 49302, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. 3rd edition. (Ref. 27115) FB-TrophicStrategy-9950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-04-05 00:00:00 2007-09-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public cauerensis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Feeds on detritus, plants and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 6110). Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose 1984 Food habits of teleostean reef fishes in Okinawa Island, southern Japan. University of Tokyo Bulletin, no. 25. v,128p. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan. 128 p. (Ref. 6110) FB-Size-9950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-05-04 00:00:00 2014-10-20 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9950 6.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 48637)) Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka 2001 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 3. Jawfishes - Sunfishes, Opistognathidae - Molidae. Zoonetics, Australia. p. 623-893. (Ref. 48637) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-9950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-05-04 00:00:00 2014-10-20 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9950 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats reef-associated; brackish; marine; depth range 2 - 50 m (Ref. 90102), usually 2 - 20 m (Ref. 27115) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann 2012 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) Baensch, H.A. and H. Debelius 1997 SF457.1 .B3513 1994 Mergus Verlag GmbH, Postfach 86, 49302, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. 3rd edition. (Ref. 27115)