Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; payau dasar (demersal); nir-ruaya; kisaran kedalaman 20 - 500 m (Ref. 4510), usually ? - 150 m (Ref. 27000). Subtropical; 60°N - 35°S, 26°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: British Isles (rare) to Senegal including Madeira, the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde. Also throughout the Mediterranean except Black Sea. South African species thought to be the same as population in the northeast Atlantic (Ref. 4313).
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4510); common length : 30.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2683); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 3.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 12; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 9; Duri dubur 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 5. Dark spot often on spinous dorsal (Ref. 4313).
Solitary and sedentary over rocky, sandy or muddy bottoms. Feeds on fishes, crustaceans and mollusks (Ref.4570).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Hureau, J.-C. and N.I. Litvinenko, 1986. Scorpaenidae. p. 1211-1229. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol 3. (Ref. 4570)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
penggunaan manusia
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