Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
; المياه العذبة قاعية التغذية و المعيشة. Tropical
South America: Amazon River basin, north and east Guiana Shield rivers.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.7 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 111518); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 5.0 kg (Ref. ); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 5.0 kg
Occurs along the calm banks of main rivers and also near the rapids. During the rainy season when growth is maximal, it feeds on fruits and consumes the seeds of palm trees like Euterpa oleracea, Taralea oppositifolia, Mauritia flexuosa and other plants like Inga sp. and Psidium sp. which they crush with their strong jaws. During the dry season, their diet consists more of aquatic plants like Mourea fluviatilis and Apinagia richardiana and gastropods and fish (Ref. 12225). Its flesh is excellent but it is preferable not to consume it at the end of the rainy season because then its flesh is very high in fat (Ref. 27188).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Distinct pairing during copulation (Ref. 205).
Planquette, P., P. Keith and P.-Y. Le Bail, 1996. Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 1. Collection du Patrimoine Naturel Volume 22, MNHN, Paris & INRA, Paris. 429 p. (Ref. 12225)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مزيد من المعلومات
مراجعالأستزراع المائيملف الأستزراع المائيسلالاتجينيElectrophoresesالتوريثالأمراضمعالجةNutrientsMass conversion
المتعاونينصورStamps, Coins Misc.اصواتالتسمم باكل السمكسرعةنوع السباحةمنطقة الخياشيمعظمة الأذندماغرؤية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02089 (0.01194 - 0.03656), b=2.96 (2.81 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (tmax=5; k=0.44).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
