分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Brevoortia: From James Carson Brevoort (1818-1887), studie the fauna from Ohio and South Caroline (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Goode.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 188). 亞熱帶的; 31°N - 19°N, 95°W - 80°W (Ref. 54290)
Western Central Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (Florida Bay, Gulf of Campeche, Mexico), but no certain records from Caribbean.
中西大西洋: 墨西哥灣 (佛羅里達海灣, 墨西哥的坎佩切灣), 但是沒有來自加勒比海的可靠的紀錄。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 18.5, range 15 - 22.5 cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 20.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0. Scutes along belly; upper jaw with median notch. Pelvic fin with rounded hind margin, inner fin rays equal or nearly equal to outer fin rays when fin folded back. Pre-dorsal scales modified; scales in lateral series large, those on back and above anal fin base a little smaller and more irregular than rest. A black spot behind gill opening, followed by a series of spots along flank (Ref. 188). Back bluish gray, Sides brassy green (Ref. 37032).
鱗甲沿著腹面; 上頜有中央的凹槽。 腹鰭有圓的後緣, 內部的鰭條等於或者幾乎等於外部的鰭條何時鰭褶背面。 前背部的鱗片修正; 在側線列的鱗片大的, 那些背面與上方臀鰭基底稍微比較小與比休息更不規則。 被跟隨著一系列的斑點的一個黑色的斑點在後鰓裂沿著側面。 (參考文獻 188) 背面藍灰色的, 側邊黃銅色的綠色.(參考文獻 37032)
Occur inshore in summer, but at least some moving into deeper waters from October (Mississippi Delta area). Feed in dense schools, filtering phytoplankton, but probably also feed at the bottom. Apparently breed in winter (October to February, with a peak in January). Salinity tolerance range from 0.1-60 ppt, but the commercial catch is mostly from 5.0-24 ppt. Marketed fresh, salted or canned. Mainly used as source of fish oil; also as fish meal (Ref. 188). Isopod is found in the mouth (Ref. 37032).
在夏天生活在沿岸地區, 但是至少從十月 (密西西比三角州區域) 的一些被遷進的較深的水域. 在密集的魚群中覓食, 濾食浮游植物, 但是可能也在底部吃。 顯然地繁殖冬天時。 (十月到二月,在一月具有一個高峰) 鹽度容忍範圍 0.1-60個 ppt, 但是商業的捕捉大部份來自 5.0-24個 ppt。 在市場上銷售新鮮的﹐鹽醃的或罐裝的。 主要地用作了魚油的來源; 也用作魚粉.(參考文獻 188) 等足目動物被發現於嘴巴。 (參考文獻 37032)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Make inshore-offshore movements (Ref. 34923). Larvae stay in offshore waters for 3-5 weeks before moving into estuaries where they grow into adults (Ref. 34923).中西大西洋: 墨西哥灣 (佛羅里達海灣, 墨西哥的坎佩切灣), 但是沒有來自加勒比海的可靠的紀錄。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 26.8, mean 24.3 °C (based on 178 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00502 - 0.01510), b=3.11 (2.97 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.2 ±0.07 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.6 (2.2 - 3.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 33
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.15-0.47).
Prior r = 0.62, 95% CL = 0.41 - 0.92, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 109 [57, 187] mg/100g; Iron = 1.58 [0.86, 2.78] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.9, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.485 [0.287, 0.818] g/100g; Selenium = 20.8 [11.2, 43.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.3 [3.3, 33.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.80, 1.68] mg/100g (wet weight);
