Issue
Mugil amarulus Valenciennes, 1936, Mugil kelaartii Günther, 1861, and Mugil longimanus Günther, 1861 are synonyms of Moolgarda perusii (Valenciennes, 1836) according to Eschmeyer (CofF ver Jan. 2013: Ref. 92887).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten bottenlevande; katadrom (Ref. 26213); djupintervall 0 - 3 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific (Ref. 4393), including African east coast river estuaries as far south as Algoa Bay, South Africa (Ref. 52193). Recorded as far inland as Zimbabwe on the Save River (Ref. 52193).
Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm 15.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 52193); common length : 25.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 30573)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 4 - 5; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 9-10; Taggstrålar i analfenan 2-3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 9.
Occur in shallow coastal waters, including estuaries and backwaters, frequently enters freshwater. Form larger aggregations during spawning which takes place at sea. Young individuals enter tidal rivers. Feed on organic matter contained in sand and mud (Ref. 30573). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Marketed fresh and salted. Decays rapidly, but well liked when fresh.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Thomson, J.M., 1984. Mugilidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2830)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
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