Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; غير مهاجرة; نطاق العمق 2 - 60 m (Ref. 9626). Tropical; 22°C - 28°C; 44°N - 23°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: New England, USA to the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean (Ref. 26938).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 22.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3797); common length : 45.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3797); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 1.8 kg (Ref. 40637)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع): 9; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع): 31-33; شوكة شرجية 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 23 - 25. Pale gray around mouth, and pale gray margin on caudal fin. Inside of pectoral fin yellow (Ref. 26938). Juveniles are black with two light yellow bars on body and three on head; caudal fin yellow with a vertically elongate, nearly rectangular or hemispherical black spot in middle (Ref. 13442).
Maximum depth from Ref. 126840. Common in coral reefs, usually solitary, occasionally in pairs. Juveniles are part-time cleaners. Feed mainly on sponges, but also takes tunicates, algae, zoantharians, gorgonians, hydroids, bryozoans, and seagrasses. Oviparous (Ref. 240), monogamous (Ref. 52884). Flesh reported to be of excellent quality (Ref. 3797); marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 5217). Friendly toward divers (Ref. 9710). Have been reared in captivity (Ref. 35419).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Monogamous mating is observed as both facultative and social (Ref. 52884).
Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
خطر للأنسان
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
استخدامات بشرية
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