Окружающая среда: среда / климатическая зона / пределы глубины / диапазон распространения
экология
морской; солоноватоводный pelagic-oceanic; мигрирует в океане (Ref. 71039); пределы глубины 1 - 1602 m, usually 1 - 250 m (Ref. 6390). Tropical; 15°C - 31°C (Ref. 168); 50°N - 50°S, 180°W - 180°E
Worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas, but absent from the Mediterranean Sea. Highly migratory species.
Длина при первой зрелости / Размер / Вес / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm 103.3, range 78 - 158 cm
Max length : 239 cm FL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 40637); common length : 150 cm FL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 168); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 200.0 kg (Ref. 26550); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 18 годы (Ref. 137697)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 11 - 14; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 12 - 16; колючие лучи анального плавника: 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 11 - 16; позвонки: 39. This large species is distinguished by the following characters: elongate, fusiform body, slightly compressed laterally; total gill rakers on first gill arch 26-34; dorsal fins 2 and separated only by a narrow interspace, the second followed by 8-10 finlets; anal fin followed by 7 to 10 finlets; large specimens may have very long second dorsal and anal fins, becoming well over 20% of fork length; pectoral fins moderately long, usually reaching beyond second dorsal-fin origin but not beyond end of its base, usually 22-31% of FL; 2 flaps (interpelvic process) between pelvic fins; body with very small scales; corselet of larger scales developed but not very distinct; caudal peduncle very slender, bearing on each side a strong lateral keel between 2 smaller keels; no striations on ventral surface of liver; swimbladder present. Colour of back metallic dark blue changing through yellow to silver on belly; belly frequently crossed by about 20 broken, nearly vertical lines; dorsal and anal fins, and dorsal and anal finlets bright yellow, the finlets with a narrow black border (Ref. 9684).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
An oceanic species occurring above and below the thermoclines. Pelagic in open water , but rarely seen near reefs (Ref. 48637). They school primarily by size, either in monospecific or multi-species groups. Larger fish frequently school with porpoises, also associated with floating debris and other objects. Feed on fishes, crustaceans and squids. It is sensitive to low concentrations of oxygen and therefore is not usually caught below 250 m in the tropics (Ref. 28952, 30329). Peak spawning occurs during the summer, in batches (Ref. 9684, 51846). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Encircling nets are employed to catch schools near the surface (Ref. 9340). Caught mainly with longlines and purse seines. Marketed mainly fresh, frozen, canned (Ref. 9684), but also smoked (Ref. 9987). Highly valued for sashimi (Ref. 26938).
Spawn throughout the tropical and equatorial waters of the major oceans (Ref. 6390). At higher latitudes, spawning is seasonal, with peaks in summer; may continue throughout the year at lower latitudes (Ref. 6390).
Yellowfin tuna are multiple spawners, ie they spawn every few days over the spawning period (Ref. 6390). Eggs and sperm are released into the water for fertilisation (Ref. 6390).
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: важный объект промысла; аквакультура (рыбоводство): экспериментальный; объект спортивного рыболовства: да
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Оценки, основанные на моделях
Предпочтительная температура (ссылка
123201): 16.5 - 28.9, mean 26.7 °C (based on 6382 cells).
Индекс филогенетического разнообразия (ссылка
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.01205 - 0.01735), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Трофический уровень (ссылка
69278): 4.4 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.8 (2.3 - 3.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 46
growth studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (ссылка
120179): средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (K=0.13-0.42; tm=2-5; tmax=8; Fec=200,000).
Prior r = 0.36, 95% CL = 0.24 - 0.54, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
Уязвимость рыбной ловли (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
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Климатическая уязвимость (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
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Питательные вещества (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 41 [22, 86] mg/100g; Iron = 2.84 [1.17, 6.68] mg/100g; Protein = 23.7 [22.2, 25.1] %; Omega3 = 0.274 [0.166, 0.457] g/100g; Selenium = 82.4 [21.0, 256.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.6 [3.7, 227.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.524 [0.292, 0.972] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.