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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Anchoa: Italian ancioa = anchovy (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Samuel Latham Mitchill (1764–1831) was an American physician, naturalist and politician. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environnement : milieu / zone climatique / profondeur / gamme de distribution
Écologie
marin; eau douce; saumâtre pelagic-neritic; anadrome (Ref. 126106); profondeur 1 - 70 m (Ref. 93252), usually 1 - 36 m (Ref. 189). Subtropical; 42°N - 16°N, 99°W - 72°W (Ref. 189)
Western Atlantic: Casco Bay, Maine south to Florida Keys and westward around the Gulf of Mexico south to Yucatán; not in the West Indies.
Longueur à la première maturité / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm 4.3, range 4 - 4.5 cm
Max length : 10.0 cm SL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 189); common length : 6.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 12193)
Épines dorsales (Total) : 0; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 0; Épines anales: 0; Rayons mous anaux: 23 - 31. Body variable, more slender in northern populations. Snout fairly blunt, a little over 1/2 eye diameter; maxilla long, tip pointed, reaching beyond hind border of pre-operculum, almost to gill opening; panamensis-type gill cover canals. Anal fin rays rarely 28, its origin below unbranched dorsal fin rays. Anus nearer to pelvic fin tips than to anal fin origin.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.
More commonly found in shallow tidal areas with muddy bottoms and brackish waters, tolerating a wide range of salinities (virtually fresh to fully saline or hypersaline). Found only in spring and summer in the tidal portion of the Ochlockonee River, Florida. Feed mostly on Mysis and copepods, also small fishes, gastropods and isopods. Breed off North Carolina from late April to mid-July, perhaps through to August. Used to some extent to make anchovy paste (Ref. 189).
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur; appât: usually
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Estimations basées sur des modèles
Température préférée (Réf.
123201): 13.2 - 26.9, mean 24 °C (based on 432 cells).
Indice de diversité phylogénétique (Réf.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00468 - 0.00708), b=3.17 (3.13 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Réf.
69278): 3.3 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Réf.
120179): Haut, temps minimum de doublement de population inférieur à 15 mois (K>0.30; tmax=3).
Vulnérabilité de la pêche (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
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Vulnérabilité climatique (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
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Nutriments (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 204 [126, 469] mg/100g; Iron = 1.83 [1.02, 3.40] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.4, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.543 [0.295, 1.019] g/100g; Selenium = 15.6 [7.4, 36.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.9 [9.4, 78.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.42 [0.97, 2.19] mg/100g (wet weight);