رده بندی / Names
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Gymnotiformes (Knifefishes) >
Gymnotidae (Naked-back knifefishes) > Gymnotinae
Etymology: Gymnotus: Greek, gymnos = naked (Ref. 45335); chimarrao: Named for chimarrão, the traditional mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and neighboring counties.
State, Brazil..
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
; آب شيرين موجوداتی که در محدوده وسیعی از آبهای آزاد از نزدیک بستر و یا روی کف بستر، در قسمت های میان آبی تا سطح آب و در برخی گونه ها با قابلیت پرواز، زندگی و تغذیه می کنند.. Tropical
South America: Arroio Grande in the Rio Taquari drainage, Brazil.
Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 24.3 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 118108)
توصيف مختصر
ريخت شناسي | ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري
شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 180 - 213. Distinguished from all 32 congeners except for some specimens (over 30.0 cm) of Gymnotus ardilai from the Río Magdalena drainage in northwest South America in having a pigmentation pattern in which the oblique dark-pigmented bands are faint, and difficult to distinguish from the ground color. Diagnosed from Gymnotus ardilai in having a shallower body depth (7.4-9.1 % TL [mean 8.2] vs. 11.4-13.2 [12.3]). Differs also from all species in the Gymnotus pantherinus species-group (and is placed in the Gymnotus carapo species-group) by the presence of two (vs. one) laterosensory canal pores in the preopercular-mandibular series of the dorsoposterior portion of the preopercle. Can be differentiated from all species in the Gymnotus carapo species-group that occur south of the Amazon basin except Gymnotus inaequilabiatus in having a much shallower body depth (7.4-9.1 % TL [mean 8.2] vs. 8.9-11.6 [mean 11.1] in Gymnotus bahianus, 9.8-10.3 [mean 10.1] in Gymnotus paraguensis, and 10.3-13.1 [mean 11.7] in Gymnotus sylvius). Differs further from Gymnotus inaequilabiatus in possessing a substantially narrower head (53.1-59.3 % HL [mean 57.5] vs. 65.3- 72.0 [mean 67.8]) (Ref. 75065).
Facultative air-breathing in the genus (Ref. 126274); This species is known from a small stream, 1.5 m width, running through gallery forest in low hills, with altitude 54 m above mean sea level; substrate is mud and sand. All captured specimens were from marginal grasses rooted to the bottom of the stream in areas sheltered from the stream flow (with negligible current); dark-stained water; conductivity 107 μS·cm-1, temperature 24.1 °C (Ref. 75065)
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Cognato, D., M.M. Richer-de-Forges, J.S. Albert and W.G.R. Crampton, 2007. Gymnotus chimarrao, a new species of electric fish (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) from southern Brazil. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 18(4):375-382. (Ref. 75065)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
اطلاعات بيشتر
اسامي عاممترادفسوخت و سازشکارچیانسم شناسي بوم زيستيتولید مثلبلوغتخم ریزیSpawning aggregationFecundityتخم هانمو تخم
Age/Sizeرشدطول - وزنطول - طولنوسانات طولیريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيريريخت شناسيتوزاد ( لارو)پويايي لارويبازسازیفراوانيBRUVS
مراجعآبزي پرورينمايه آبزي پرورينژادهاژنتيكElectrophoresesوارثبيماري هافرآوریNutrientsMass conversion
همكارانعکس هاStamps, Coins Misc.صداهاسيگواتراسرعتنوع شناگریمنطقه آبششيOtolithsمغزهابینایی
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
