Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển gần đáy; Ở đại duơng, biển (Ref. 51243); Mức độ sâu 20 - 150 m (Ref. 9988). Temperate; 72°N - 43°N, 25°W - 45°E (Ref. 54565)
Northeast Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Iceland and Norway; Barents and White seas; also Baltic Sea.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm 21.5, range 11 - 25 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 4705); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 1.0 kg (Ref. 35388); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 12 các năm (Ref. 27407)
Adults live mainly on sandy bottoms, from a few meters to about 100 m. Feed mainly on crustaceans and small fishes. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Marketed fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled. microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại
Các công cụ
Special reports
Download XML
Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.9 - 11.8, mean 8.9 °C (based on 284 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00688 - 0.00876), b=3.09 (3.05 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.9 (3.0 - 4.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 20
growth studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (K=0.3-0.6; tm=2-3; tmax=12; Fec=50,000).
Prior r = 0.72, 95% CL = 0.48 - 1.09, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.8 [7.9, 75.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.294 [0.148, 0.565] mg/100g; Protein = 15.7 [13.4, 18.4] %; Omega3 = 0.319 [0.152, 0.656] g/100g; Selenium = 9.9 [3.4, 35.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.93 [1.59, 40.88] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.339 [0.178, 0.808] mg/100g (wet weight);
