Environment: milieu / climate zone / Tiefenbereich / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser; süßwasser; brackwasser demersal; amphidrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 10 - 961 m (Ref. 9494). Tropical; 25°N - 10°S, 32°E - 127°E
Indo-West Pacific: Malay Archipelago including Thailand, Viet Nam, the Philippines and Indonesia westward to seas and estuaries of India and Pakistan to the Red Sea (Ref. 9895).
Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 10.8, range 9 - 12.2 cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 11298); common length : 25.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9895)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 126 - 138; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 97 - 114; Wirbelzahl: 57 - 66.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Adults live mainly in shallow muddy and sandy bottoms of the continental shelf, sometimes entering estuaries and tidal rivers (Ref. 1479, 48637). Usually deeply buried in the substrate during the day, but out and hunting at night (Ref. 48637). They feed mainly on benthic invertebrates. Marketed mostly fresh and frozen; also dried-salted (Ref. 9895).
Menon, A.G.K., 1977. A systematic monograph of the tongue soles of the genus Cynoglossus Hamilton-Buchanan (Pisces: Cynoglossidae). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (238):1-129. (Ref. 5297)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerziell
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.8 - 18.2, mean 12.3 °C (based on 243 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00432 - 0.02536), b=3.04 (2.83 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (Fec = 360-35,926).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 115 [50, 215] mg/100g; Iron = 0.899 [0.453, 1.673] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [15.8, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.176 [0.088, 0.368] g/100g; Selenium = 99 [44, 213] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11 [3, 40] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.977 [0.649, 1.475] mg/100g (wet weight);
