分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
真鯊目 (Ground sharks) >
Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
白眼鮫科 (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish); altimus: Latin for highest, allusion not explained nor evident. (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 12 - 810 m (Ref. 58302), usually 80 - 220 m (Ref. 9253). 亞熱帶的; 46°N - 31°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumglobal: tropical to temperate watersin the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. Introduced in the Mediterranean via Gibralltar.
Circumglobal, 在熱帶與溫帶的海洋中有零碎的記錄.(參考文獻 9997) 西大西洋: 美國佛羅里達到委內瑞拉。 東大西洋: 塞內加爾到迦納, 包括地中海。 西印度洋: 紅海，莫三比克 (參考文獻 6871) ，南非，馬達加斯加與印度。 西太平洋: 中國，台灣與澳洲.(參考文獻 9997) 中太平洋: 夏威夷。 東太平洋: 加州灣與墨西哥南部，哥倫比亞與厄瓜多。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 230.0, range 205 - 282 cm
Max length : 300 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2334); common length : 250 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26999); 最大體重: 167.8 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 0. A heavily-bodied, cylindrical shark with a large, long and broad snout, long nasal flaps and high, triangular, saw-edged upper teeth; interdorsal ridge high and prominent; pectoral and dorsal fins large and straight (Ref. 5578). Grayish with no conspicuous markings, white below (Ref. 5578); inner corners of pectoral fins blackish (Ref. 9997).
身體很重, 圓筒形的鯊魚有一個大的﹐長的與寬的吻又長的鼻蓋與高的﹐三角形的﹐和邊緣鋸狀的上顎齒; 間背脊高且突出的; 胸鰭與背鰭大與直的.(參考文獻 5578) 淺灰色的沒有顯著的斑紋, 腹面白色的;(參考文獻 5578) 胸鰭的內角黑色的.(參考文獻 9997)
Found near the edge of the continental and insular shelves and uppermost slopes (Ref. 244). Rare in shallow waters (Ref. 9997), bottom associated near shelf breaks and drop-offs; young may occur at 25 m (Ref. 58302). Feeds on bony fishes, other sharks, stingrays, and cuttlefish (Ref. 244). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Utilized for fishmeal, liver oil, and shagreen (Ref. 9997). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 244.
發現於靠近大陸棚與島嶼棚的邊緣與最上面的斜坡.。 (參考文獻 244) 稀有的在淺水區中 (參考文獻 9997) ，底部在大陸棚休息與海峭壁的附近聯合; 幼魚可能在 25 公尺出現。 (參考文獻 58302) 吃硬骨魚類，其他的鯊魚，魟與墨魚。 (參考文獻 244) 胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 用來做魚粉，肝油與鯊魚皮.。 (參考文獻 9997) 最小深度報告取自參考文獻 244.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449). Gives birth every second year with 1-13 (average 9) pups per litter (Ref. 58048). In the Mediterranean, sharks give birth in August and September, however in Madagascar, young are born in September and October (Ref. 244). Size at birth 60-75 cm (Ref. 6871); 70-90 cm TL (Ref.58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).Circumglobal, 在熱帶與溫帶的海洋中有零碎的記錄.(參考文獻 9997) 西大西洋: 美國佛羅里達到委內瑞拉。 東大西洋: 塞內加爾到迦納, 包括地中海。 西印度洋: 紅海，莫三比克 (參考文獻 6871) ，南非，馬達加斯加與印度。 西太平洋: 中國，台灣與澳洲.(參考文獻 9997) 中太平洋: 夏威夷。 東太平洋: 加州灣與墨西哥南部，哥倫比亞與厄瓜多。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
近危 (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 14 February 2020
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.8 - 26.5, mean 19.9 °C (based on 875 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00331 (0.00178 - 0.00617), b=3.11 (2.96 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec=1-13;).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 2.96 [0.55, 15.71] mg/100g; Iron = 0.338 [0.086, 0.978] mg/100g; Protein = 22.9 [20.0, 25.1] %; Omega3 = 0.186 [0.069, 0.461] g/100g; Selenium = 24 [8, 71] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.4 [9.0, 79.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.305 [0.149, 0.601] mg/100g (wet weight);
