Environnement : milieu / zone climatique / profondeur / gamme de distribution
Écologie
marin; saumâtre récifal; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 20 - 200 m (Ref. 36128). Subtropical; 32°N - 35°S, 18°E - 157°E
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Philippines, north to southern Japan and Korea, south to northern Australia. Introduced into the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Longueur à la première maturité / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm 45.7  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 7050); common length : 60.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 3476); poids max. publié: 3.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
Épines dorsales (Total) : 9 - 10; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 13; Épines anales: 0; Rayons mous anaux: 13. Brownish or grayish above, whitish below; caudal fin 2-3 horizontal black stripes (Ref. 4315). Head strongly depressed. Preopercular spines 2, lower usually longest. Vomerine teeth in a single transverse band. Dorsal fin I,VII,I, I,I,VII,I or I,VIII, 13. Anteriormost lateral line scale usually with a small spine or ridge. Diagonal scale rows slanting backward above lateral line 83-107. Iris lappet a single elongated lobe. Identified by the distinctive color pattern on the caudal fin: centrally yellow and black stripes on upper and lower margins (Ref. 48635).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Found on sandy and muddy bottoms of coastal waters (Ref. 5213, 48635). Frequently in estuaries, juveniles have been taken in freshwater. Taken by handlining and seining in shallow waters and by trawling at depths to 30 m, usually less (Ref. 9790). A good food fish (Ref. 4315) that is marketed fresh (Ref. 5284). Commercially cultured in Japan. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Cycle de vie et comportement reproducteur
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial; Aquaculture: commercial; pêche sportive: oui
Outils
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Estimations basées sur des modèles
Température préférée (Réf.
123201): 21.7 - 28.3, mean 26.5 °C (based on 979 cells).
Indice de diversité phylogénétique (Réf.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00347 - 0.00524), b=3.10 (3.04 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Réf.
69278): 3.6 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Résilience (Réf.
120179): Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (tmax=7).
Prior r = 0.64, 95% CL = 0.42 - 0.96, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Vulnérabilité de la pêche (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
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Vulnérabilité climatique (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (79 of 100).
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Nutriments (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.2 [3.4, 132.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.32, 3.24] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.5, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.211 [0.090, 0.614] g/100g; Selenium = 48.1 [16.2, 149.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.9 [8.7, 99.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.763 [0.357, 1.425] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.